Table 4.

Summary of Studies on the Discounting of Condom Use

Author/Year	N	Population	Delay	Probability	Primary Outcome(s)
Berry et al., 2019	262	Undergraduates	-	Condom Use	Probability discounting of condom use was related to STI type with the least discounting in an HIV/AIDS condition.
Berry et al., under review	19	Recreational Stimulant Use	Condom Use; Money	-	Methamphetamine did not produce overall changes in delay discounting for condom use or money. Greater increases in sexual arousal following methamphetamine administration were correlated with greater delay discounting for condom use as well as monetary outcomes.
Bolin et al., 2016	9	DSM-IV Cocaine Use Disorder	Condom Use	-	Maintenance (3 or more days) on buspirone did not alter delay discounting for condom use. Buspirone did increase condom use likelihood at 0-delay.
Collado et al., 2017	260	Undergraduates	Condom Use	-	Greater sexual risk behavior was significantly related to greater delay discounting for condom use, but not with likelihood of condom use at 0-delay.
Dariotis & Johnson, 2015	126	Young Adults	Condom Use	-	Greater delay discounting for condom use was related to more lifetime risky sexual partners. Greater delay discounting was also observed in the partners judged to be least (versus most) likely to have an STI and most (versus least) desirable.
Hahn et al., 2019	243	MSM and Heterosexual Men	Condom Use	-	Delay discounting for condom use with a casual sexual partner did not differ between MSM and heterosexual men. Greater delay discounting for condom use with a committed partner was observed among MSM compared to heterosexual men.
Herrmann et al., 2014	60	DSM-IV Opioid Dependence and Controls (Female)	Condom Use; Money	-	Women with opioid dependence showed greater delay discounting of condom use than controls. No significant differences were observed on 0-delay trials.
Herrmann et al., 2015	108	MSM	Condom Use	-	Greater delay discounting of condom use among participants reporting unprotected anal intercourse with a male partner in the previous 6 months (both in general and because a condom was not available)
Johnson & Bruner, 2012	62	DSM-IV Cocaine Dependence	Condom Use; Money	-	Delay discounting of condom use was significantly greater for the “most want to have sex with” (versus “least want to have sex with”) and the “least likely to have STI” (versus “most likely to have STI”) partners. Greater delay discounting for condom use was significantly correlated with greater sexual risk, whereas, monetary delay discounting was not significantly correlated.
Johnson & Bruner, 2013	31	DSM-IV Cocaine Dependence	Condom Use; Money	-	The Sexual Delay Discounting Task was stable with evidence of statistical equivalence over a 7-day test interval and good-to-excellent test-retest reliability across the four partner conditions (rxx = .62 to .82). Men generally discounted significantly more than women for condom use but not money.
Johnson et al., 2015	47	DSM-IV Cocaine Use Disorder and Controls	Condom Use; Money	Condom Use; Money	Delay discounting of condom use and money was greater in the cocaine use disorder group than controls. Probability discounting of condom use or money did not differ between those without and without cocaine use disorder. Sexual and monetary discounting were not related.
Johnson et al., 2016	23	Non-Dependent Alcohol Use	Condom Use; Money	Condom Use; Money	Alcohol administration (1 g/kg) increased delayed and probability discounting of condom use, but did not alter responding at 0-delay or 0-odds-against. Alcohol administration did not change delay discounting for monetary outcomes, but decreased discounting of probabilistic monetary outcomes.
Johnson et al., 2017	12	DSM-IV Cocaine Use Disorder	Condom Use; Money	Condom Use; Money	Cocaine dose-dependently increased delay and probability discounting of condom use. No differences were observed on 0-delay or 0-odds-against or for delay or probability discounting of money.
Johnson et al., 2020	39	Treatment-Seeking for DSM-IV Cocaine Dependence	Condom Use; Money	Condom Use; Money	3 weeks of d-cycloserine maintenance did not alter delay or probability discounting for monetary or condom use outcomes.
Jones et al., 2018a	1012	MSM	Condom Use; Money	-	Delay discounting for money and for condom use outcomes were not significantly related.
Jones et al., 2018b	1012	MSM	Condom Use; Money	-	Greater delay discounting of condom use, but not money, was associated with condomless anal intercourse in the past year.
Koffarnus et al., 2016	162	DSM-IV Cocaine Dependence, Recreational Cocaine Use, and Control	Condom Use	-	Higher condom use likelihoods were observed at a 0-delay in a control group compared to individuals reporting recreational cocaine use (and a trend compared to those with cocaine dependence). Both cocaine groups showed greater delay discounting of condom use compared to the control group.
Meredith et al., 2015	874	Young Adults	Condom Use; Money	-	Weekly energy drink use was not associated with delay discounting of condom use, but was related to lower likelihood of condom use when immediately available.
Quisenberry et al., 2015	408	Adults	Condom Use; Money	-	Lower delay discounting for condom use for all partner types was observed when tasks were completed with a negative consequence health outcome scenario involving regret. Lower delay discounting was also observed for the least attractive and highest STI risk partner under negative health consequence conditions without regret.
Strickland et al., 2017	11	DSM-IV Cocaine Use Disorder	Condom Use	-	Acute buspirone or triazolam did not alter delay discounting for condom use.
Sweeney et al., 2019	767/267	Adults	Condom Use; Money	-	Greater delay discounting for condom use was related to greater sexual risk behaviors as well as greater likelihoods of self-reported unprotected sex because a condom was not immediately available.
Thamotharan et al., 2017	155	Adolescents and Young Adults	Condom Use; Money	-	Alcohol, cigarette, and cannabis use status among adolescents and young adults was correlated with greater delay discounting of condom use.
Wongsomboon & Robles, 2017	75	Undergraduates	Condom Use	Condom Use	Delay and probability systematically impacted discounting of condom use. Discounting was greater for partners rated higher on desirability and lower on STI risk.

Note. MSM = men who have sex with men. Split sample sizes reflect sample sizes in different experiments in the reported study.