The overuse and inappropriate use of antimicrobials, and the consequent impact on the risk of antimicrobial resistance, extends well beyond the individual recipient of the antimicrobials, however the wider consequences are difficult to quantify.

Consideration of the cost-effectiveness of interventions to address antimicrobial resistance must take a One Health perspective and incorporate the costs and benefits to all sectors, including human health care, animal health care and the health of the environment.

Methods and assumptions used to model future resistance rates should be transparently and consistently reported to assist interpretation by policymakers who must determine whether the models are credible and clinically relevant.