TABLE 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the meta‐analysis
| Study | Year | Study design | Country | N | STAS (%) | TNM Stage | Analysis type | Age (mean or median) | Sex (proportion of male) | Treatment | AJCC TNM edition | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bains et al. 23 | 2018 | R | America | 352 | 126 (36) | stage I | M | NA | 36.0% | LIM | 8th | 7 |
| Chae et al. 38 | 2021 | R | Korea | 115 | 20 (17.4) | stage IA | M | 63.6 | 47.0% | LIM | 8th | 6 |
| Chen et al. 33 | 2020 | R | China | 3346 | 1082 (32.3) | stage I | M | NA | 55.4% | LOB or LIM | 8th | 7 |
| Dai et al. 10 | 2017 | R | China | 383 | 116 (30.3) | stage IA | M | 60 | 46.5% | LOB or LIM | 7th | 7 |
| Eguchi et al. 26 | 2019 | R | America | 698 | 276 (39.5) | stage IA | M | 69.5 | 36.4% | LOB or LIM | 8th | 7 |
| Yi et al. 12 | 2021 | R | Korea | 109 | 41 (37.6) | stage I | Uni, M | 64.4 | 35.8% | LOB | 8th | 6 |
| Han et al. 11 | 2020 | R | Korea | 870 | 237 (27.2) | stage IA | Uni, M | 65 | NA | LOB or LIM | 8th | 7 |
| Hara et al. 39 | 2019 | R | Japan | 245 | 71 (29) | stage I | M | 67 | 49.8% | LOB | 8th | 6 |
| Kadota et al. 6 | 2015 | R | Japan | 411 | 155 (38) | stage I | M | 68 | 39.9% | LOB or LIM | 7th | 8 |
| Kadota et al. 40 | 2019 | R | Japan | 490 | 137 (28) | stage I | M | NA | 50.6% | LOB or LIM | 8th | 7 |
| Masai et al. 24 | 2017 | R | Japan | 508 | 76 (15) | stage I | M | 66 | 48.8% | LIM | 7th | 8 |
| Ren et al. 41 | 2019 | R | China | 752 | 225 (29.9) | stage IA | M | NA | NA | LOB or LIM | 8th | 8 |
| Shiono et al. 42 | 2016 | R | Japan | 318 | 47 (14.8) | stage I | M | 70 | 46.9% | LOB or LIM | 7th | 7 |
| Toyokawa et al. 22 | 2018 | R | Japan | 276 | 153 (55.4) | stage I | M | 69 | 48.6% | LOB or LIM | 7th | 7 |
| Toyokawa2 et al. 21 | 2018 | R | Japan | 82 | 31 (37.8) | stage I | M | 71 | 48.8% | LIM | 7th | 6 |
| Zhong et al. 43 | 2020 | R | China | 620 | 167 (26.7) | stage I | M | 59.6 | 43.4% | LOB or LIM | 8th | 7 |
| Zombori et al. 44 | 2020 | R | Hungary | 292 | 123 (42.1) | stage I | M | 62.7 | 47.3% | LOB or LIM | 8th | 6 |
Abbreviations: AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; LIM, limited resection; LOB, lobectomy; M, multivariate analysis; NOS, the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale; R, retrospective; STAS, spread through air space; TNM, tumor node metastasis; Uni, univariate analysis.