Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and associations with repeated epidural blood patch (EBP) in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension
| Characteristic | Single EBP (n = 182) | Repeated EBP (n = 96) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male/Female | 85/97 | 42/54 | 0.89 (0.54–1.46) | 0.642 |
| Age (yr) | 45.3 ± 13.6 | 43.7 ± 14.4 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.358 |
| Hypertension | 23 (12.6) | 11 (11.5) | 0.90 (0.42–1.92) | 0.783 |
| Diabetes | 12 (6.6) | 4 (4.2) | 0.62 (0.19–1.96) | 0.409 |
| Current alcohol | 49 (26.9) | 24 (25.0) | 0.91 (0.51–1.59) | 0.734 |
| Current smoking | 25 (13.7) | 7 (7.3) | 0.49 (0.21–1.19) | 0.119 |
| EBP site | ||||
| Cervical | 50 (27.5) | 25 (26.0) | 0.93 (0.53–1.63) | 0.795 |
| Thoracic | 100 (54.9) | 60 (62.5) | 1.37 (0.82–2.27) | 0.231 |
| Lumbar | 81 (44.5) | 38 (39.6) | 0.82 (0.49–1.35) | 0.427 |
| Amount of injection (mL) | 14.9 ± 5.9 | 14.5 ± 5.7 | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 0.587 |
| Myelographic image | 98 (53.8) | 61 (63.5) | 1.49 (0.90–2.48) | 0.123 |
| Cerebrospinal fluid leakage | 45 (24.7) | 40 (41.7) | 2.18 (1.28–3.69) | 0.004 |
| Leakage site | ||||
| Cervical | 22 (12.1) | 12 (12.5) | 1.04 (0.49–2.20) | 0.923 |
| Thoracic | 33 (18.1) | 33 (34.4) | 2.37 (1.34–4.16) | 0.003 |
| Lumbar | 8 (4.4) | 4 (4.2) | 0.95 (0.28–3.22) | 0.927 |
| Blood lab test | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.5 ± 1.7 | 13.6 ± 1.5 | 1.04 (0.89–1.21) | 0.624 |
| Platelet (×103/μL) | 247 ± 62 | 229 ± 55 | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 0.018 |
| International normalized ratio | 0.99 ± 0.08 | 1.01 ± 0.09 | 1.38 (1.02–1.87) | 0.043 |
| Neutrophil (%) | 61.5 ± 12.3 | 63.0 ± 11.2 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.297 |
Values are presented as number only, mean ± standard deviation, or number (%).
OR is estimated for the increase of 0.1 in international normalized ratio and 10 in platelet.
EBP at thoracolumbar junction was presented in both thoracic and lumbar site.
OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval.