Table 4.
Baseline characteristics and associations with repeated epidural blood patch (EBP) in patients with available myelographic image
| Characteristic | Single EBP (n = 110) | Repeated EBP (n = 67) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male/Female | 44/66 | 30/37 | 1.22 (0.66–2.25) | 0.526 |
| Age (yr) | 43.3 ± 12.8 | 41.9 ± 12.9 | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 0.489 |
| Hypertension | 11 (10.0) | 3 (4.5) | 0.42 (0.11–1.57) | 0.197 |
| Diabetes | 6 (5.5) | 0 | ||
| Current alcohol | 25 (22.7) | 17 (25.4) | 1.16 (0.57–2.35) | 0.693 |
| Current smoking | 12 (10.9) | 6 (9.0) | 0.80 (0.29–2.25) | 0.682 |
| Iatrogenic pathology | 12 (10.9) | 6 (9.0) | 0.80 (0.29–2.25) | 0.682 |
| EBP site | ||||
| Cervical | 26 (23.6) | 20 (29.9) | 1.38 (0.69–2.72) | 0.363 |
| Thoracic | 60 (54.5) | 43 (64.2) | 1.49 (0.80–2.79) | 0.209 |
| Lumbar | 49 (44.5) | 23 (34.3) | 0.65 (0.35–1.22) | 0.183 |
| Amount of injection (mL) | 14.2 ± 4.4 | 13.7 ± 4.5 | 0.98 (0.91–1.05) | 0.512 |
| Cerebrospinal fluid leakage | 41 (37.3) | 35 (52.2) | 1.84 (0.99–3.41) | 0.052 |
| Leakage site | ||||
| Cervical | 23 (20.9) | 14 (20.9) | 0.99 (0.47–2.11) | 0.990 |
| Thoracic | 27 (24.5) | 28 (41.8) | 2.21 (1.15–4.23) | 0.022 |
| Lumbar | 8 (7.3) | 2 (3.0) | 0.39 (0.08–1.91) | 0.248 |
| EBP at leakage site | 34 (30.9) | 28 (41.8) | 1.61 (0.85–3.02) | 0.142 |
| Blood lab test | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.6 ± 1.7 | 13.9 ± 1.4 | 1.12 (0.93–1.35) | 0.252 |
| Platelet (×103/μL) | 254 ± 66 | 235 ± 55 | 0.95 (0.90–0.99) | 0.050 |
| International normalized ratio | 0.98 ± 0.07 | 1.00 ± 0.07 | 1.83 (1.15–2.89) | 0.013 |
| Neutrophil (%) | 59.9 ± 12.2 | 61.5 ± 11.9 | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 0.385 |
Values are presented as number only, mean ± standard deviation, or number (%).
OR is estimated for the increase of 0.1 in international normalized ratio and 10 in platelet.
EBP at thoracolumbar junction was presented in both thoracic and lumbar site.
OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval.