Figure 1.

pH- or voltage- controlled changes in the biochemical property of smart polymers used to control cell activity. (I.) PBA-based polymeric brush with surface immobilized CD-X (left) reversibly detects fructose (right). (II.) On-demand, dual-responsiveness to pH and glucose, and associated cell capture and release achieved by PEG hydrogels built on an oxime platform. (III.) pH and glucose-responsive, reversible attachment and detachment of cells afforded by a SiNW substrate with pendant PBA groups. (IV.) Light microscopy images showing shapes of endothelial cells before (left) and after (right) application of – 0.5 V, cultured on FN-PP substrates. A: Reprinted with permission from reference [13], Copyright (2018) American Chemical Society, B: Reprinted with permission from reference [14], Copyright (2017) American Chemical Society, C: Reprinted with permission from reference [15], Copyright (2013) American Chemical Society, D: Reproduced from reference [32], Copyright (1994) with permission from National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.