Table 2.

Meta-analysis for clinical effects of ICG angiography to reduce anastomotic leak

Study	Year	No. of enrolled study	No. (ICG/control)	Type of surgery	Anasto-motic leak (%)	Odds ratio	95% CI	p value
Zhang and Che [42]	2021	29	2,354/3,522	AR and LAR	3.2/9.2	0.39	0.30–0.50	<0.00001
Arezzo et al. [43]	2020	9	862/468	Colorectal surgery	4.2/11.3	0.34	0.22–0.53	<0.001
Liu et al. [44]	2020	13	1,806/2,231	Colorectal surgery	3.8/7.8	0.4	0.33–0.59	<0.00001
Lin et al. [45]	2020	11	1,364/1,773	Colorectal surgery	2.9/30.8	0.31	0.21–0.44	<0.0001
Chan et al. [46]	2020	20	2,220/3,278	Colorectal surgery	3.7/8.6	0.46	0.31–0.62	<0.00001
Rausa et al. [47]	2019	11	555/1,768	Colorectal surgery	3.6/6.0	0.44	0.14–0.87	<0.05
Shen et al. [48]	2018	4	569/608	Laparoscopic and robotic LAR	1.8/6.4	0.27	0.13–0.53	<0.0002
Blanco-Colino et al. [49]	2018	5	555/747	Colorectal surgery	1.1/6.1	0.51	0.23–1.13	0.10

ICG, indocyanine green; AR, anterior resection; LAR, low anterior resection; CI, confidence interval.