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. 2022 Mar 21;13:818522. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.818522

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of included RCTs.

Ref. no. Author & year of publication Country Drugs
intervention (I) & comparison (C)
Of SCI NP participants enrolled (I/C) Sex (male/
female)
Grade of ASIA Age (Year) [Mean (SD)]
Or (Median [IQR / Range)] (I/C)
NP duration (Month) [Mean (SD)] or (Median [IQR/Range)] (I/C) Follow-up time (Weeks) Pain evaluation tools Overall assessment of risk of bias Evaluation tools of mental or sleep-related symptom relief
Ref. (18) Nct 2012 UK cannabinoids & placebo 116 (56 / 60) 91 / 25 NA 48.7 (12.97) / 47.6 (12.69) NA 7 NRS high NRS
Ref. (19) Cardenas 2013 USA pregabalin & placebo 219 (111 / 108) 176 / 43 NA 46.1 (12.7) / 45.6 (13.8) ≥3 16 NRS high MOS-SS
Ref. (20) Agarwal 2017 India amitriptyline & lamotrigine 147 (74 / 73) 136 / 11 A-D 29.6 (18–40) NA 3 SFMPQ2 high NA
Ref. (21) Amr 2010 Egypt ketamine & gabapentin 40 (20 / 20) 33 / 7 A-D 48.6 (10.1) / 48.7 (9.7) 8 (6–17) / 9 (7- 18) 4 VAS (100) moderate NA
Ref. (22) Amr 2011 Egypt ketamine & gabapentin 40 (20 / 20) 33 / 7 A-D 48.6 (10.1) / 48.7 (9.7) 8 (6–17) / 9 (7–18) 8 VAS (100) moderate NA
Ref. (23) Andresen 2016 Denmark cannabinoids & placebo 73 (36 / 37) 54 / 19 A-D 58.6 (11.3)/54.1 (11.7) ≥3 12 NRS moderate NA
Ref. (24) Salinas 2012 Colombia carbamazepine & placebo 46 (24 / 22) 42 / 4 A-D 45.6 (18–70) NA 24 VAS (100) high SF-36 Scale
Ref. (25) Siddall 2006 Australia pregabalin & placebo 137 (70 / 67) 114 / 23 A-D 50.3 (23–78) / 49.8 (21–80) 9.9 (7.7) / 10.4 (9.8) 12 NRS high MOS-sleep scale
Ref. (26) Tai 2016 USA gabapentin & placebo 14 (7 / 7) 12 / 2 A-D 35.9 (8.96) / 35.9 (8.96) 42.5 (88.8) / 42.5 (88.8) 10 NPS moderate NA
Ref. (27) Vranken 2008 Netherlands pregabalin & placebo 40 (20 / 20) 21 / 19 A-D 54.2 (9.4) / 54.7 (9.7) ≥6 4 VAS (10) moderate EQ-5D PDI
Ref. (28) Vranken 2011 Netherlands duloxetine & placebo 36 (18 / 18) NA A-D NA NA 8 VAS (10) high EQ-5D PDI
Ref. (29) Yilmaz 2015 Turkey pregabalin & gabapentin 30 (15 / 15) 25 / 5 A-D 32.93 (11.87) 31.48 (11.08) 18 VAS (10) moderate PDI
Ref. (30) Chun2019 USA BTX-A & placebo 8 (5 / 3) 6 / 2 A 45 (32–61) ≥1 12 NPRS moderate Pain of sleep
Ref. (31) Finnerup 2009 Denmark levetiracetam & placebo 36 (18 / 18) 29 / 7 A-D 51 (11.2) ≥3 5 NRS high Sleep interference
Ref. (32) Han 2016 Korea BTX-A & placebo 40 (20 / 20) 29 / 11 A-D 53.1 (9.1) / 48.9(14.2) ≥3 8 VAS (100) high SF-MPQ scores
Ref. (33) Kaydok 2014 Turkey gabapentin & pregabalin 28 (14 / 14) 21 / 7 A-D 42.8 (12.3) 29.3 (25.8) 4 VAS (100) moderate NPS
Ref. (34) Levendoglu 2004 Turkey gabapentin & placebo 20 (10 / 10) 13 / 7 NA 35.9 (9.8) 15.8 (9.0) 8 VAS (100) moderate NPS
Ref. (35) Norrbrink 2009 Sweden tramadol & placebo 35 (23 / 12) 28 / 7 NA 51.3 (10.8) ≥6 4 MPI scales high HAD
Ref. (36) Rintala 2007 USA amitriptyline & gabapentin & placebo 79 (28 / 26 / 25) NA A-D 42.6 (12.6) >6 8 VAS / NRS moderate NA
Ref. (37) Rintala2010 USA cannabinoids & placebo 14 (7 / 7) NA A-D 50 (8.3) >6 4 NRS moderate NA

SCI, spinal cord injury; NP, neuropathic pain; ASIA, American Spinal Injury Association; SD, standard deviation; IQR, inter-quartile range; VAS, visual analog scale; NRS, numerical rating scale; SFMPQ2, short-form McGill pain questionnaire-2; NPS, numerical pain scale; NPRS, numerical pain rating scale; MPI, multidimensional pain inventory; MOS-SS, medical outcomes study sleep scale; SF-36 Scale, the short-form 36 item health survey questionnaire; EQ-5D, EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire; PDI, pain disability index; HAD, hospital anxiety, and depression.