Table 1.
Ref. no. | Author & year of publication | Country |
Drugs intervention (I) & comparison (C) |
Of SCI NP participants enrolled (I/C) |
Sex (male/ female) |
Grade of ASIA |
Age (Year) [Mean (SD)] Or (Median [IQR / Range)] (I/C) |
NP duration (Month) [Mean (SD)] or (Median [IQR/Range)] (I/C) | Follow-up time (Weeks) | Pain evaluation tools | Overall assessment of risk of bias | Evaluation tools of mental or sleep-related symptom relief |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ref. (18) | Nct 2012 | UK | cannabinoids & placebo | 116 (56 / 60) | 91 / 25 | NA | 48.7 (12.97) / 47.6 (12.69) | NA | 7 | NRS | high | NRS |
Ref. (19) | Cardenas 2013 | USA | pregabalin & placebo | 219 (111 / 108) | 176 / 43 | NA | 46.1 (12.7) / 45.6 (13.8) | ≥3 | 16 | NRS | high | MOS-SS |
Ref. (20) | Agarwal 2017 | India | amitriptyline & lamotrigine | 147 (74 / 73) | 136 / 11 | A-D | 29.6 (18–40) | NA | 3 | SFMPQ2 | high | NA |
Ref. (21) | Amr 2010 | Egypt | ketamine & gabapentin | 40 (20 / 20) | 33 / 7 | A-D | 48.6 (10.1) / 48.7 (9.7) | 8 (6–17) / 9 (7- 18) | 4 | VAS (100) | moderate | NA |
Ref. (22) | Amr 2011 | Egypt | ketamine & gabapentin | 40 (20 / 20) | 33 / 7 | A-D | 48.6 (10.1) / 48.7 (9.7) | 8 (6–17) / 9 (7–18) | 8 | VAS (100) | moderate | NA |
Ref. (23) | Andresen 2016 | Denmark | cannabinoids & placebo | 73 (36 / 37) | 54 / 19 | A-D | 58.6 (11.3)/54.1 (11.7) | ≥3 | 12 | NRS | moderate | NA |
Ref. (24) | Salinas 2012 | Colombia | carbamazepine & placebo | 46 (24 / 22) | 42 / 4 | A-D | 45.6 (18–70) | NA | 24 | VAS (100) | high | SF-36 Scale |
Ref. (25) | Siddall 2006 | Australia | pregabalin & placebo | 137 (70 / 67) | 114 / 23 | A-D | 50.3 (23–78) / 49.8 (21–80) | 9.9 (7.7) / 10.4 (9.8) | 12 | NRS | high | MOS-sleep scale |
Ref. (26) | Tai 2016 | USA | gabapentin & placebo | 14 (7 / 7) | 12 / 2 | A-D | 35.9 (8.96) / 35.9 (8.96) | 42.5 (88.8) / 42.5 (88.8) | 10 | NPS | moderate | NA |
Ref. (27) | Vranken 2008 | Netherlands | pregabalin & placebo | 40 (20 / 20) | 21 / 19 | A-D | 54.2 (9.4) / 54.7 (9.7) | ≥6 | 4 | VAS (10) | moderate | EQ-5D PDI |
Ref. (28) | Vranken 2011 | Netherlands | duloxetine & placebo | 36 (18 / 18) | NA | A-D | NA | NA | 8 | VAS (10) | high | EQ-5D PDI |
Ref. (29) | Yilmaz 2015 | Turkey | pregabalin & gabapentin | 30 (15 / 15) | 25 / 5 | A-D | 32.93 (11.87) | 31.48 (11.08) | 18 | VAS (10) | moderate | PDI |
Ref. (30) | Chun2019 | USA | BTX-A & placebo | 8 (5 / 3) | 6 / 2 | A | 45 (32–61) | ≥1 | 12 | NPRS | moderate | Pain of sleep |
Ref. (31) | Finnerup 2009 | Denmark | levetiracetam & placebo | 36 (18 / 18) | 29 / 7 | A-D | 51 (11.2) | ≥3 | 5 | NRS | high | Sleep interference |
Ref. (32) | Han 2016 | Korea | BTX-A & placebo | 40 (20 / 20) | 29 / 11 | A-D | 53.1 (9.1) / 48.9(14.2) | ≥3 | 8 | VAS (100) | high | SF-MPQ scores |
Ref. (33) | Kaydok 2014 | Turkey | gabapentin & pregabalin | 28 (14 / 14) | 21 / 7 | A-D | 42.8 (12.3) | 29.3 (25.8) | 4 | VAS (100) | moderate | NPS |
Ref. (34) | Levendoglu 2004 | Turkey | gabapentin & placebo | 20 (10 / 10) | 13 / 7 | NA | 35.9 (9.8) | 15.8 (9.0) | 8 | VAS (100) | moderate | NPS |
Ref. (35) | Norrbrink 2009 | Sweden | tramadol & placebo | 35 (23 / 12) | 28 / 7 | NA | 51.3 (10.8) | ≥6 | 4 | MPI scales | high | HAD |
Ref. (36) | Rintala 2007 | USA | amitriptyline & gabapentin & placebo | 79 (28 / 26 / 25) | NA | A-D | 42.6 (12.6) | >6 | 8 | VAS / NRS | moderate | NA |
Ref. (37) | Rintala2010 | USA | cannabinoids & placebo | 14 (7 / 7) | NA | A-D | 50 (8.3) | >6 | 4 | NRS | moderate | NA |
SCI, spinal cord injury; NP, neuropathic pain; ASIA, American Spinal Injury Association; SD, standard deviation; IQR, inter-quartile range; VAS, visual analog scale; NRS, numerical rating scale; SFMPQ2, short-form McGill pain questionnaire-2; NPS, numerical pain scale; NPRS, numerical pain rating scale; MPI, multidimensional pain inventory; MOS-SS, medical outcomes study sleep scale; SF-36 Scale, the short-form 36 item health survey questionnaire; EQ-5D, EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire; PDI, pain disability index; HAD, hospital anxiety, and depression.