Table 1.

Minimally sufficient adjustment sets (i.e. confounding variables to control for) for the tests of relationships of interest.

model ID	relationship of interest	dependent variable (DV)	confounding variables to control for
		independent variable (IV)
1	patrolling/periphery visits <— age	DV: patrolling or periphery visits	none
		IV: age
2	patrolling/periphery visits <— rank	DV: patrolling or periphery visits	(1) personality, if model 1 relationship does not hold
		IV: rank	(2) personality & age, if model 1 relationship holds
3	patrolling/periphery visits <— mating	DV: patrolling or periphery visits	(1) personality, if neither model 1 or 2 relationships hold
		IV: mating	(2) personality & age, if model 1 relationship holds AND model 2 relationship does not hold
			(3) personality & rank, if model 2 relationship holds
4	patrolling/periphery visits <— no. of adult males	DV: patrolling or periphery visits	none
		IV: no. of adult males
5	patrolling/periphery visits <— hunting	DV: patrolling or periphery visits	personality & sighting frequency
		IV: hunting
6	patrolling/periphery visits <— personality	DV: patrolling or periphery visits	none
		IV: personality
7	patrolling/periphery visits <— sighting frequency	DV: patrolling or periphery visits	none
		IV: sighting frequency