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. 2022 Mar 31;10(2):e002699. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002699

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Trimetazidine (TMZ) prevents muscle cells insulin resistance via the nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, which regulates oxidative stress. PA, skeletal muscle cells treated with palmitate; siNC, treated with negative control small interfering RNA; siNrf2, treated with Nrf2 small interfering RNA; TMZ, skeletal muscle cells treated with TMZ. (A) Glucose uptake with insulin or with non-insulin; (B, C) IRS1, p-IRS1, AKT, and p-AKT protein expression were determined by western blot. *,**Represented p<0.05, p<0.01 in comparison with siNC group, respectively; #, ##represented p<0.05, p<0.01 in comparison with PA+siNC group, respectively; @,@@represented p<0.05, p<0.01 in comparison with PA+TMZ+ siNC group, respectively. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; PA, palmitate; p-AKT, phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT); p-IRS1, phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1).