. 2022 Apr 4;9(5):967–982. doi: 10.1007/s40745-022-00392-x

Table 5.

Synthetic data analysis

Estimator	DIF	CM				GPS
	Estimate	Estimate	sd	LL	UL	Estimate	sd	LL	UL
$\hat{τ} (1, 2)$	22.8956	36.5291	25.4630	-13.3776	86.4357	42.9435	24.8585	-5.7782	91.6652
$\hat{τ} (1, 3)$	0.6041	10.2066	24.9416	-38.6780	59.0913	23.6029	24.2525	-23.9311	71.1368
$\hat{τ} (1, 4)$	-27.0391	-11.7159	25.2056	-61.1180	37.6861	2.5146	24.3796	-45.2686	50.2977
$\hat{τ} (1, 5)$	20.7569	36.3186	25.3107	-13.2895	85.9267	43.3062	24.5997	-4.9083	91.5206
$\hat{τ} (1, 6)$	51.7919	62.4782	24.9688	13.5403	111.4162	82.9263	24.3078	35.2840	130.5686
$\hat{τ} (2, 3)$	-22.2915	-26.3224	7.9421	-41.8886	-10.7563	-19.3406	8.3495	-35.7053	-2.9760
$\hat{τ} (2, 4)$	-49.9347	-48.2450	8.6648	-65.2277	-31.2623	-40.4290	8.7652	-57.6084	-23.2495
$\hat{τ} (2, 5)$	-2.1388	-0.2105	8.8630	-17.5816	17.1607	0.3626	9.2522	-17.7714	18.4967
$\hat{τ} (2, 6)$	28.8962	25.9492	7.9600	10.3478	41.5505	39.9828	8.3893	23.5401	56.4255
$\hat{τ} (3, 4)$	-27.6432	-21.9226	6.8762	-35.3997	-8.4454	-21.0883	6.8374	-34.4895	-7.6872
$\hat{τ} (3, 5)$	20.1527	26.1120	7.2589	11.8848	40.3391	19.7033	7.5100	4.9840	34.4225
$\hat{τ} (3, 6)$	51.1877	52.2716	5.9764	40.5581	63.9852	59.3234	6.4454	46.6906	71.9562
$\hat{τ} (4, 5)$	47.7960	48.0346	8.0344	32.2874	63.7817	40.7916	7.9323	25.2445	56.3387
$\hat{τ} (4, 6)$	78.8310	74.1942	7.0507	60.3750	88.0134	80.4117	7.0173	66.6581	94.1654
$\hat{τ} (5, 6)$	31.0350	26.1596	7.2443	11.9610	40.3583	39.6201	7.6105	24.7037	54.5365

DIF sample difference, CM covariates matching estimator, GPS generalized propensity score matching estimator. sd is the sample standard deviation. LL is the $95 %$ lower limit; UL is the $95 %$ upper limit