Table 3.
Studies on residential radon exposure and central nervous system cancer risk.
| Country | Author | Study Design | Sample Size | Mean Follow-Up | Exposure | Radon Exposure Measurements | Correlation/Risk Estimate (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spain | Ruano-Ravina33 (2017) | Brain Cancer Mortality Ecological Study | 949 male cases, 758 female cases | Surveillance Period: 1999-2008 | 49.4% municipalities geometric mean: <100 Bq/m3 50.6% municipalities geometric mean >100 Bq/m3 | Bedroom-level exposure obtained from Galicia Radon Map* | p Males: 0.164 (p=0.009) p Females: 0.433 (p<0.001) |
| Denmark | Bräuner34 (2013) | Brain Tumor Cohort Study | 57,053 subjects, 121 cases | 12.6 years | Per 100 Bq/m3 radon | Address-level exposure estimated by validated regression model | IRR:1.96 (1.07,3.58) |
| France | Berlivet84 (2020) | CNS Tumors in children under 15 Ecological Study | 5471 cases | Surveillance Period: 2000-2012 | Per 100 Bq/m3 radon | Municipality-level exposure from Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN)** | IRR:1.02 (0.96,1.07) |
| Norway | Risco Kollerud63 (2014) | Cohort Study of CNS cancer in children 0-15 | 712,674 subjects, 427 cases | Birth to date of cancer diagnosis, death, emigration or 1 years of age | Per 100 Bq/m3 radon 5 | Address-level exposure estimated by buffer model | HR:1.13 (0.99-1.28) |
| United States | Monastero85 (2019) | CNS cancer Ecological Study | 59,392 cases | N/A | Per 37 Bq/m3 radon | County-level exposure from AirCheck*** | B:-0.068 (p<0.0001) |
| United States | Turner19 (2012) | Malignant Brain Neoplasm Mortality Cohort Study | 811,961 subjects, 2,232 cases | 20.4 years | Per 100 Bq/m3 radon | County-level exposure estimated by empirical study model | HR:0.98 (0.83,1.15) |
p, Spearman’s Rho value; CI, confidence interval; IRR, incidence rate ratio; B, beta coefficient (binomial correlation); HR, hazard ratio; *Galician Radon Map measurements obtained from radon detectors placed in study participants ’bedrooms for a minimum of three months; **IRSN conducted a national campaign on indoor radon concentration measurements between 1982 and 2003, with 10,843 measurements total; ***AirCheck is a third-party website that provides compiled radon measurements from individual homes collected by Individual National Health Association certified radon specialists, county health departments and the US EPA.