Table 4.
Studies on residential radon exposure and leukemia risk.
| Country | Author | Study Design | Sample Size | Mean Follow-Up | Exposure | Radon Exposure Measurements | Risk Estimate (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark | Raaschou-Nielsen (2008)58 2306 controls | Case-control 1968-1994 | 1153 cases per 103 Bq/m3-yrs | Surveillance period | ≥0.89 x 103 Bq/m3-yrs; | Address-level exposure estimated by regression model | RR:1.31 (0.92–1.88) (all leukemias) RR:1.63 (1.05-2.53) (ALL only) RR:1.34 (0.97–1.85) |
| United States | Oancea (2017)56 | Ecological | 272 CLL cases | Surveillance period: 1999-2013 | >4 pCi/l | County-level exposure estimates | PE:1.165 (0.440–1.891) |
| Korea | Ha (2017)70 | Ecological | 29,068 cases | Surveillance period: 1989-2009 (radon); 1999-2008 (cancer incidence) | Per 10 Bq/m3 increase in radon conc. | Indoor-level exposure estimated by modeling from county level data | RR:1.00 (0.98–1.02) (male), 0.98 (0.95–1.00) (female) |
| Denmark | Bräuner (2010)55 | Case-control | 985 childhood (<15 yrs) cases 1,969 controls | Surveillance period: 1968-1994 | Per 10 Bq/m3 -years increase in radon | Address-level exposure estimated by regression model | RR:1.48 (1.03, 2.13) |
| Switzerland | Hauri (2013)61 | Cohort | 298 cases 1,287,354 total cohort | 2000-2008 | ≥139.9 Bq/m3) | Address-level exposure estimated by regression model | HR:0.95 (0.63, 1.43) |
| Norway | Kollerud (2014)63 | Cohort | 0-15 yr old children, 437 cases 721,674 total cohort | 1967-2009 | Per 100 Bq m3 model | Address-level exposure estimated from buffer | OR:1.00 (0.87–1.14) (<1 year), 0.99 (0.86–1.13) (0–4 years), 0.99 (0.86–1.13) (0-15 years) |
| France | Demoury (2017)64 | Case-control | Childhood (<15) AL cases; 11,819 cases, 30,000 controls | 1990-2009 | Per 100 Bq/m3 | Address-level exposure estimated by cokriging model | SIR:1.01 (0.91–1.12) |
| Sweden | Kohli (2000)54 | Cohort | Childhood ALL; 90 cases; 53,146 total cohort | 1979-1992 | High risk (50,000 Bq/m3); normal risk (10,000 – 50,000 Bq/m3) | Commune- level radon exposure risk | RR:5.67 (1.06-42.27); 4.64 (1.29-28.26); |
RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; ALL, acute lymphocytic leukemia; SIR, standardized incidence ratio; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; AL, acute leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; PE, parameter estimate.