Table 1.
Risk of bias assessment (ROB).
| Studies | Selection bias |
performance bias (blinding of participant and personnel) | detection bias (blinding of outcomes) | attrition bias (incomplete outcome) | reporting bias (selective reporting) | other bias | ROB | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Random sequence generation | Allocation concealment | |||||||
| D.Moghadam A. et al., 2013 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 |
| H.Noroozinia et al., 2013 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| M.El-Deeb et al., 2011 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Pakniat H et al., 2020 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Zeraati H et al., 2016 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Kalava A et al., 2013 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Rasooli S et al., 2019 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| Voigt M et al., 2013 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| Rasheed MA et al., 2019 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Modir H et al., 2019 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Dasgupta M et al., 2012 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Chattopadhyay S et al., 2015 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Kampo S et al., 2019 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Abdella et al., 2019 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| Jabalameli et al., 2012 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
ROB: 1–3 = high risk (H), 4–7 = low risk (L), 0 = for NO, 1 = for YES; 2 = for UNCERTAIN.