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. 2022 Feb 17;13(2):919–931. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12937

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© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the muscle tissues of functional‐independent patients (IP) and functional‐dependent patients (DP). Bar chart shows the quantification of the optical densities (O.D.) of blot bands of (A) eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), phospho‐eIF2α, phospho‐eIF2α/eIF2α, (B) inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and (C) activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α). (D) Representative immunoblots. Ponceau staining was used as a loading control. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001.