Table 4.

Relationship between skeletal muscle mass as a continuous variable, and HRQOL scores (global and domains), at baseline

Author (year)	Sample size a (% of whole study)	Cancer type/s Stage	Treatment status at point of CT imaging	Timing of HRQOL assessments	HRQOL domain	Coefficient Univariate analysis	P value	Adjusted for confounders	Coefficient Multivariate analysis	P value
Aleixo et al. (2020) 39	99 (100)	Breast Stages 0–III	Pre‐chemotherapy Unclear surgical status	Baseline only (pre‐chemotherapy)	Global Physical function Social/family Emotional Functional	Linear regression −0.12 −0.63 −0.27 −0.006 −0.19	0.052 0.002 0.16 0.98 0.18	Unadjusted
Daly et al. (2020) 41	428 (41.7)	Gastrointestinal Lung Other Stages III–IV Incurable	81% receiving active palliative chemotherapy Unclear treatment and surgical status	Baseline only (within 12 weeks of CT)	Global Physical function Role Emotional Cognitive Social	Spearman −0.052 −0.164 −0.070 −0.078 −0.026 −0.104	0.282 0.001 0.149 0.103 0.592 0.034	Unadjusted
Derksen et al. (2020) 42	221 (100)	Colorectal Stage IV Unresectable	Post‐chemotherapy treatment Prior surgical resection in unspecified number of participants	Baseline (enrolment) Every 9 weeks until PD1	Global Physical domain Role domain Emotional domain Cognitive Social	Pearson 0.089 0.098 0.002 −0.006 0.091 0.035	0.19 0.15 0.97 0.02 0.18 0.61	Unadjusted b
Gigic et al. (2020) 43	138 (100)	Colorectal Stages I–IV Resectable	Prior chemotherapy in 53 (38%) participants Pre‐surgery	Pre‐surgery (baseline) 6 and 12 months post‐surgery	Global Physical domain Role Social	Spearman 0.03 0.19 0.07 −0.06	0.68 0.02 0.42 0.52	Age Gender Tumour stage Tumour site Neoadjuvant treatment Baseline HRQOL	Linear regression −0.19 0.18 −0.27 0.12	0.50 0.44 0.47 0.72
Bye et al. (2017) 27	734 (100)	Lung Stages IIIB–IV Incurable	Pre‐chemotherapy Unclear surgical status	Baseline only (pre‐chemotherapy)	Global Males Females Physical domain Males Females Role domain Males Females	Linear regression: flexible non‐linear modelling with restricted cubic splines	0.001 0.15 0.016 0.004 0.02 0.012	Age Tumour stage	Linear regression: flexible non‐linear modelling with restricted cubic splines	All significant associations in univariate analysis remained significant (P < 0.05) Individual P values not reported

^a Sample size: number of participants included in analysis of relationship between skeletal muscle mass and HRQOL.

^b Data in original study were adjusted for multiple cofounders; data supplied for this review are unadjusted.

HRQOL, health‐related quality of life; PD1, first progression of disease.