Identification of S. pneumoniae isolates by hybridization with specific DNA probes. Chromosomal DNAs from the S. oralis, S. mitis, and S. pneumoniae strains indicated were cleaved with HindIII (A) or ClaI (B), and the fragments were separated in 1% agarose gels. The gels were blotted, and the blots were probed with biotinylated DNA as follows: A, insert of plasmid pCE3 containing the N terminus of the lytA gene; and B, insert of plasmid pJCP191 containing the pnl gene.