Figure 1.

The cumulative hazard of hemorrhage requiring hospitalization or an emergency room visit in direct oral anticoagulant users prescribed the following: (A) amiodarone vs metoprolol; (B) verapamil vs amlodipine; and (C) diltiazem vs amlodipine. Dashed lines represent 95% confidence intervals. Cumulative hazard was determined using inverse probability treatment–weighted Cox models. Weights were calculated accounting for the following variables: demographics (age, sex, income, place of residence); index year; comorbid illnesses (history of hemorrhage, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, atrial fibrillation, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, coronary artery disease, coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous coronary intervention, peripheral vascular disease, venous thromboembolism); healthcare utilization (number of hospitalizations and emergency room visits in preceding 5 years); medications (beta-blocker, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors, antiplatelet agents, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and statins); direct oral anticoagulant type, dose, and duration of use prior to cardiovascular medication.