Table 1.

RCTs comparing a higher BP target with a lower BP target in perioperative care. ∗Early termination. CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; DWI, diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging.

Year (Authors)	Surgery	Patients (n)	Higher BP target	Lower BP target	Outcomes	Conclusion
Noncardiac surgery
1999 (Williams-Russo and colleagues)73	Hip surgery under epidural anaesthesia	235	MAP=55–70 mm Hg	MAP=45–55 mm Hg	Cognitive, cardiac and renal complications	No difference
2016 (Carrick and colleagues)66,∗	Laparotomy or thoracotomy for trauma	168	MAP=65 mm Hg	MAP=50 mm Hg	30 day mortality	No difference
2017 (Futier and colleagues)67	Major abdominal surgery	292	SBP=90–110% of resting value	SBP >80 mm Hg or 60% of resting value	A composite of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and organ dysfunction by day 7 after surgery	A higher BP target is beneficial
Cardiac surgery
1995 (Gold and colleagues)68	CABG with CPB	248	MAP=80–100 mm Hg during CPB	MAP=50–60 mm Hg during CPB	Mortality, cardiac, neurologic, and cognitive complications, and changes in quality of life	A higher MAP during CPB is beneficial
2007 (Charlson and colleagues)70	CABG with CPB	412	MAP target=80 mm Hg during CPB	MAP target=pre-bypass level during CPB	Mortality, major neurologic or cardiac complications, cognitive complications or deterioration in functional status	No difference
2011 (Siepe and colleagues)69	CABG with CPB	92	MAP=80–90 mm Hg during CPB	MAP=60–70 mm Hg during CPB	Early postoperative cognitive dysfunction and delirium	A higher MAP during CPB is beneficial
2014 (Azau and colleagues)71	Cardiac surgery with CPB	300	MAP=75–85 mm Hg during CPB	MAP=50–60 mm Hg during CPB	Acute kidney injury	No difference
2018 (Vedel and colleagues)72	Cardiac surgery with CPB	197	MAP=70–80 mm Hg during CPB	MAP=40–50 mm Hg during CPB	Cerebral infarcts detected by DWI	No difference