TABLE 1.
Demographic characteristic of study cohort from “EnPHC-Eva: Facility” Malaysia, 2018-2019 (N = 2,696).
| Characteristics | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 60.4 (10.8) |
| <65 years | 1,744 (64.7) |
| ≥65 years | 952 (35.3) |
| Gender | |
| Male | 1,000 (37.1) |
| Female | 1,696 (62.9) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Malay | 2,025 (75.1) |
| Chinese | 368 (13.7) |
| Indian | 278 (10.3) |
| Others | 25 (0.9) |
| Location of primary care clinic | |
| Rural | 1,330 (49.3) |
| Urban | 1,366 (50.7) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) (N = 2,610) | 28.4 (5.5) |
| BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2 | 1,367 (52.4) |
| Comorbidity | |
| Hypertension | 2,312 (85.8) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 2,011 (74.6) |
| Duration of diabetes (years), mean (SD) | 7.1 (5.7) |
| Duration of hypertension (years), mean (SD) (N = 2,312) | 7.7 (6.5) |
| Duration of hyperlipidaemia (years), mean (SD) (N = 2011) | 5.0 (4.3) |
| Antidiabetic medication | |
| Oral anti-diabetic drugs | 1,820 (67.5) |
| Oral anti-diabetic drugs + Insulin | 876 (32.5) |
| Antihypertensive medication | |
| Free combination antihypertensive drugs | 2,297 (99.4) |
| Fixed dose combination | 15 (0.6) |
| Lipid lowering medication | |
| Statin | 2,348 (87.1) |
| HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 8.3 (2.1) |
| Median (IQR) | 7.8 (6.7, 9.6) |
| HbA1c ≤ 7.0% | 931 (34.5) |
| HbA1c > 7.0% | 1,765 (65.5) |
*Denominator not equal to 2,696 due to missing data.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; PDC, proportion of days covered; SD, standard deviation.