Table 9.
Effect of ANE and residual effect of ZnO on the expression of inflammation-associated genes in the ileum and colon (Least-square mean values ± SEM)
| Target gene | Treatment | SEM | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | ZnO-residual | ANE | |||
| Ileum1 | |||||
| IL1A | 1.01 | 0.90 | 0.96 | 0.056 | 0.384 |
| IL6 | 1.18 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 0.141 | 0.625 |
| IL7 | 1.23 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 0.133 | 0.330 |
| CXCL8 | 1.47 | 1.09 | 0.95 | 0.320 | 0.555 |
| IL10 | 0.98 | 0.81 | 0.99 | 0.058 | 0.075 |
| IL17A | 1.28 | 1.68 | 0.75 | 0.343 | 0.116 |
| IL22 | 1.47a | 0.86ab | 0.72b | 0.190 | 0.017 |
| IFNG | 1.31 | 1.17 | 0.99 | 0.245 | 0.691 |
| TNF | 1.00 | 1.17 | 0.99 | 0.116 | 0.474 |
| TGFB1 | 1.25a | 0.99ab | 0.86b | 0.083 | 0.007 |
| FOXP3 | 1.05 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.125 | 0.882 |
| CCL20 | 1.24 | 1.13 | 0.80 | 0.209 | 0.327 |
| TLR4 | 1.10 | 0.96 | 1.02 | 0.096 | 0.571 |
| TP53 | 0.98 | 1.08 | 1.03 | 0.052 | 0.356 |
| MUC2 | 1.05 | 0.94 | 1.23 | 0.195 | 0.346 |
| TJP1/ZO-1 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 0.094 | 0.905 |
| STAT3 | 1.39 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 0.206 | 0.979 |
| CHRM1 | 1.29 | 1.35 | 1.54 | 0.459 | 0.717 |
| NOX1 | 1.27 | 1.21 | 0.96 | 0.266 | 0.368 |
| DUOX2 | 0.88 | 0.80 | 0.75 | 0.096 | 0.636 |
| Colon2 | |||||
| IL1A | 1.17 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.122 | 0.420 |
| IL6 | 1.14 | 1.05 | 1.25 | 0.221 | 0.825 |
| IL7 | 1.07 | 0.94 | 1.08 | 0.113 | 0.514 |
| CXCL8 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 0.94 | 0.138 | 0.574 |
| IL10 | 1.09 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.125 | 0.882 |
| IL17A | 1.10 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 0.172 | 0.940 |
| IL22 | 1.24 | 0.91 | 1.23 | 0.213 | 0.475 |
| IFNG | 0.91 | 1.00 | 1.04 | 0.097 | 0.642 |
| TNF | 1.20 | 0.97 | 0.90 | 0.122 | 0.196 |
| TGFB1 | 1.07 | 0.89 | 1.16 | 0.117 | 0.289 |
| FOXP3 | 0.88 | 1.01 | 1.28 | 0.153 | 0.196 |
| CCL20 | 1.13ab | 1.67a | 0.62b | 0.223 | 0.007 |
| TLR4 | 0.91 | 0.98 | 1.13 | 0.114 | 0.154 |
| TP53 | 1.03 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.055 | 0.752 |
| MUC2 | 1.09 | 1.06 | 1.11 | 0.105 | 0.953 |
| TJP1/ZO-1 | 0.99 | 1.05 | 1.00 | 0.044 | 0.529 |
| STAT3 | 1.10 | 0.98 | 1.17 | 0.120 | 0.521 |
| CHRM1 | 1.20 | 1.50 | 1.24 | 0.235 | 0.623 |
| NOX1 | 1.09 | 1.13 | 1.08 | 0.114 | 0.959 |
| DUOX2 | 1.05 | 1.23 | 1.07 | 0.146 | 0.630 |
ANE, Ascophyllum nodosum extract; ZnO, Zinc oxide; IL1A, Interleukin 1 alpha; IL6, Interleukin 6; IL7, Interleukin 7; CXCL8, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8; IL10, Interleukin 10; IL17A, Interleukin 17 alpha; IL22, Interleukin 22; IFNG, Interferon gamma; TNF, Tumour necrosis factor; TGFB1, Transforming growth factor beta 1; FOXP3, Forkhead box P3; CCL20, C-C motif chemokine ligand 20; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; TP53, Tumour protein p53; MUC2, Mucin 2; TJP1/ZO-1, Tight junction protein 1/Zona occludens 1; STAT3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; CHRM1, Cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1; NOX1, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 1; DUOX2, Dual oxidase 2
a,bMean values within a row with different superscript lowercase letter indicate significant differences between dietary treatments (P < 0.05)v
1A total of 12 replicates were used per dietary treatment apart from ANE whereby 11 replicates were used (replicate = pig)
2A total of 12 replicates were used per dietary treatment (replicate = pig)