Table 1.

Distribution of calibration covariates in the reference population and standardized distances

	Reference population (%)	Dual-frame: Combined (d*)	Single-frame: Cell phone (d*)
Sample size		25,319	15,602
Sex		5.6	3.0
Male	48.7%	−5.6	−3.0
Female	51.3%	5.6	3.0
Age (years)		2.0	2.7
18–24	11.2%	−2.3	1.3
25–34	17.1%	0.5	5.2
35–44	18.5%	−2.3	0.8
45–54	19.5%	−1.5	−0.3
55–64	18.2%	2.6	0.5
65–75	15.5%	2.7	−8.1
Education level		10.3	13.1
Primary education	13.3%	−19.8	−22.9
Less than high school	35.4%	−8.9	−14.6
High school graduate	20.4%	3.2	5.6
2 years post-secondary	12.8%	−0.6	1.8
3–4 years post-secondary	7.6%	22.4	24.1
≥ 5 years post-secondary	10.5%	6.6	9.5
Size of household		7.4	5.0
1 person	17.4%	14.7	12.3
2 persons	34.2%	2.5	−2.3
3 persons	18.9%	−6.0	− 2.3
4 persons	19.3%	−8.4	−5.4
≥ 5 persons	10.2%	−5.5	−2.7
Urbanization		2.6	2.5
Rural	24.0%	2.3	−2.8
<  20,000 inhabitants	16.8%	−0.8	−1.9
20,000–99,999 inhabitants	12.1%	2.1	1.8
100,000–199,999 inhabitants	4.9%	4.4	4.8
≥ 200,000 inhabitants	25.7%	−4.2	−1.4
Paris agglomeration	16.6%	−1.9	2.1
Region of residence		1.7	1.7
Ile-de-France	19.0%	−2.8	1.6
Grand-Est	8.6%	−0.4	−1.9
Hauts-de-France	9.3%	−2.5	− 2.4
Normandie	5.1%	1.3	−0.8
Centre	4.0%	−1.0	−2.1
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté	4.4%	−0.5	−1.7
Bretagne	5.1%	3.9	3.2
Pays de Loire	5.7%	−0.9	−2.6
Nouvelle Aquitaine	9.2%	1.0	0.9
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes	12.2%	3.0	1.8
Occitanie	9.1%	1.4	1.5
PACA and Corse	8.3%	−1.5	0.2
Mean D	–	4.9	4.7
R-indicator without interactions	–	0.85	0.89

Boldface entries correspond to results summed up at the variable level or to global distribution of the sample (mean D, R-indicator)