Table 1.

Biomarker Requirements

Term	Definition
Sensitive	Able to correctly detect or identify true positives (e.g., correlate with severity of injury)
Specific	Able to detect true negatives
Selective	Linked to brain injury (type/stage) or unique endophenotype
Safe	Sensitive enough to guide clinical decisions and ideally non- or minimally invasive with few adverse effects
Well-characterized	Release, half-life, clearance, kinetics in biofluid dynamics
Reproducible	Able to be replicated independently and comparable with appropriate normative data
Operational	Inexpensive and able to be collected and interpreted in a clinical setting
Optimized	Specific context(s) of use