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. 2022 Mar 17;36(7-9):480–504. doi: 10.1089/ars.2021.0023

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© Sharmila Fagoonee et al., 2022; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License [CC-BY] (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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FIG. 2. — Liver fibrosis in the BDL mice. (A) (i) The typical appearance of liver tissue at representative time points after BDL using H/E staining and PSR staining are shown. Images were taken at 4 × magnification for sham and 2d BDL (scale bar: 500 μm) and at 10 × magnification (scale bar: 200 μm). Bile infacts areas (arrowheads) are seen as early as 2 days following BDL. (ii) PicroSirius red-positive areas were quantified using the ImageJ software (n ≥ 3); ***^a15d BDL versus sham, 2d BDL, 4d BDL, 8d BDL, and 2d BDL, ***^b21d BDL versus sham, 2d BDL, 4d BDL, 8d BDL, and 15d BDL. (B) Biochemical parameters analyzed in plasma at different time points after BDL versus sham-operated and healthy mice data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n ≥ 3); **^c4d BDL versus4d sham, ***^d8d BDL versus sham and 4d BDL, ***^e15d BDL versus sham, 4d BDL, and 8d BDL, ***^e15d BDL versus sham, 4d BDL, and 8d BDL, ***^f21d BDL versus sham, 4d BDL, and 8d BDL, ***^g4d BDL versus sham, ***^h8d BDL versus sham, *ⁱ15d BDL versus 4d BDL, *^j21d BDL versus 15d BDL, ***^j15d BDL versus sham, ***^k4d BDL versus sham, ***^l8d BDL versus sham, **^m8d BDL versus sham, ***ⁿ15d BDL versus sham, *^o21d BDL versus 8d BDL, **^o21d BDL versus 4d BDL, ***^o21d BDL versus sham, *^p15d BDL versus 4d BDL, ***^q21d BDL versus sham, 4d BDL, and 8d BDL, *^r8d BDL versus sham, ***^s15d BDL versus sham, *^t21d BDL versus 4d BDL, ***^t21d BDL versus sham, ***^u4d BDL versus sham, ***^v8d BDL versus sham, *^w15d BDL versus sham, ***^w15d BDL versus 4d BDL and 8d BDL, ***^x21d BDL versus 4d BDL and 8d BDL. (C) Expression of fibrogenesis-related genes Col1A1, Acta2, Tgf-β, Mmp2, Mmp9, and Mmp2 was measured in mice livers by qRT-PCR. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n ≥ 3); **^A21d BDL versus 4d sham, 21d sham, and 8d BDL, ***^A21d BDL versus 15d sham, *^B8d BDL versus 4d sham, ***^B8d BDL versus 8d sham, 15d sham, and 21d sham, **^C8d BDL versus 4d sham and 21d sham, ***^C8d BDL versus 8d sham and 15d sham, *^D21d BDL versus 8d BDL, *^E15d BDL versus 8d sham, ***^F21d BDL versus 4d sham, 8d sham, 15d sham, 21d sham, 4d BDL, 8d BDL and 21d BDL, **^G8d BDL versus 4d sham and 21d sham, ***^G8d BDL versus 8d sham and 15d sham, *^H15d BDL versus 8d BDL, *I21d BDL versus 21d sham, **^I21d BDL versus 4d sham and 8d sham, ***^I21d BDL versus 15d sham, *^J8d BDL versus 4d sham and 4d BDL, **^J21d BDL versus 8d sham, 15d sham, and 21d sham. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. H/E, hematoxylin and eosin; PSR, PicroSirius red; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; SEM, standard error of the mean. Color images are available online.

FIG. 2. — Liver fibrosis in the BDL mice. (A) (i) The typical appearance of liver tissue at representative time points after BDL using H/E staining and PSR staining are shown. Images were taken at 4 × magnification for sham and 2d BDL (scale bar: 500 μm) and at 10 × magnification (scale bar: 200 μm). Bile infacts areas (arrowheads) are seen as early as 2 days following BDL. (ii) PicroSirius red-positive areas were quantified using the ImageJ software (n ≥ 3); ***^a15d BDL versus sham, 2d BDL, 4d BDL, 8d BDL, and 2d BDL, ***^b21d BDL versus sham, 2d BDL, 4d BDL, 8d BDL, and 15d BDL. (B) Biochemical parameters analyzed in plasma at different time points after BDL versus sham-operated and healthy mice data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n ≥ 3); **^c4d BDL versus4d sham, ***^d8d BDL versus sham and 4d BDL, ***^e15d BDL versus sham, 4d BDL, and 8d BDL, ***^e15d BDL versus sham, 4d BDL, and 8d BDL, ***^f21d BDL versus sham, 4d BDL, and 8d BDL, ***^g4d BDL versus sham, ***^h8d BDL versus sham, *ⁱ15d BDL versus 4d BDL, *^j21d BDL versus 15d BDL, ***^j15d BDL versus sham, ***^k4d BDL versus sham, ***^l8d BDL versus sham, **^m8d BDL versus sham, ***ⁿ15d BDL versus sham, *^o21d BDL versus 8d BDL, **^o21d BDL versus 4d BDL, ***^o21d BDL versus sham, *^p15d BDL versus 4d BDL, ***^q21d BDL versus sham, 4d BDL, and 8d BDL, *^r8d BDL versus sham, ***^s15d BDL versus sham, *^t21d BDL versus 4d BDL, ***^t21d BDL versus sham, ***^u4d BDL versus sham, ***^v8d BDL versus sham, *^w15d BDL versus sham, ***^w15d BDL versus 4d BDL and 8d BDL, ***^x21d BDL versus 4d BDL and 8d BDL. (C) Expression of fibrogenesis-related genes Col1A1, Acta2, Tgf-β, Mmp2, Mmp9, and Mmp2 was measured in mice livers by qRT-PCR. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n ≥ 3); **^A21d BDL versus 4d sham, 21d sham, and 8d BDL, ***^A21d BDL versus 15d sham, *^B8d BDL versus 4d sham, ***^B8d BDL versus 8d sham, 15d sham, and 21d sham, **^C8d BDL versus 4d sham and 21d sham, ***^C8d BDL versus 8d sham and 15d sham, *^D21d BDL versus 8d BDL, *^E15d BDL versus 8d sham, ***^F21d BDL versus 4d sham, 8d sham, 15d sham, 21d sham, 4d BDL, 8d BDL and 21d BDL, **^G8d BDL versus 4d sham and 21d sham, ***^G8d BDL versus 8d sham and 15d sham, *^H15d BDL versus 8d BDL, *I21d BDL versus 21d sham, **^I21d BDL versus 4d sham and 8d sham, ***^I21d BDL versus 15d sham, *^J8d BDL versus 4d sham and 4d BDL, **^J21d BDL versus 8d sham, 15d sham, and 21d sham. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. H/E, hematoxylin and eosin; PSR, PicroSirius red; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; SEM, standard error of the mean. Color images are available online.