Table 5.

Multivariable Logistic Regression Model to assess Factors associated with awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes in Punjab and Haryana, India.

		Punjab (N = 2,366)			Haryana (N = 2,488)
		Awareness	Treatment	Control	Awareness	Treatment	Control
		OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Education	No formal schooling	0.6 (0.6–1.1)	0.1* (0.03–0.4)	0.8 (0.3–1.8)	0.6 (0.4–1.4)	0.8 (0.5–1.8)	0.4 (0.2–0.9)
	Primary education	0.8 (0.7–1.4)	0.3 (0.05–0.8)	0.7 (0.6–2.6)	0.4 (0.3–1.6)	0.8 (0.8–3.0)	0.7 (0.3–1.1)
	Secondary education	0.4 (0.4–1.0)	0.8 (0.3–1.2)	0.9 (0.4–1.9)	0.8 (0.6–1.3)	1.3 (0.7–2.3)	0.9 (0.5–1.4)
	Higher education	1	1	1	1	1	1
Current tobacco use	Yes	1.04 (0.6–1.9)	0.9 (0.7–1.8)	0.7 (0.6–2.0)	0.8** (0.6–2.4)	1.2 (0.7–1.9)	0.6 (0.5–1.3)
	No	1	1	1	1	1	1
Current alcohol use	Yes	1.3 (0.9–1.5)	0.8 (0.4–1.1)	0.4 (0.3–1.3)	0.5* (0.3–0.7)	1.3 (0.7–2.2)	0.7 (0.7–1.8)
	No	1	1	1	1	1	1
Gender	Males	1.1 (0.8–1.9)	1.2 (0.8–2.0)	1.09 (0.4–2.0)	1.27 (0.85–1.9)	0.9 (0.4–1.4)	1.5* (0.3–1.7)
	Females	1	1	1	1	1	1
Age group	18–44	0.2* (0.2–0.4)	3.0* (1.3–4.0)	2.3 (1.4–3.2)	3.2* (2.5–4.1)	1.4 (1.1–2.0)	0.4* (0.3–0.7)
	45–69	1	1	1	1	1	1
Family history of Diabetes	Yes	1.2* (0.9–1.5)	1.1* (0.5–2.5)	0.5 (0.2–1.2)	1.49** (1.3–2.7)	1.6* (1.4–2.8)	0.6** (0.4–2.7)
	No	1	1	1	1	1	1
Residence	Rural	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	1.5 (0.6–2.2)	0.9 (0.4–1.9)	1.0 (0.8–1.4)	0.9 (0.7–1.3)	1.1 (0.7–1.3)
	Urban	1	1	1	1	1	1

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.001.

The variables adjusted include education, residence, age group, family history of diabetes, gender, current tobacco, and current alcohol status.