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| Solvent | Conversion (%) | Selectivity (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GVL | HVAb | ||
| 1,4-Dioxane | 98.9 | 98.6 | 1.1 |
| H2O | >99.9 | >99.9 | 0 |
| Methanol | 100 | 88.1 | 11.9 |
| No solvent | 97.3 | 97.6 | 2.4 |
Reaction conditions: 0.5 g LA, 50 mg catalyst, 10 mL solvent, 4.0 MPa H2, 180 °C, 3 h, and 1000 rpm.
HVA: 4-hydroxyvaleric acid.
