Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| References | Country | Design | No. of feet | Age (years) | Technique used | Follow-up (months) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIS | Open | MIS | Open | MIS | Open | MIS | Open | |||
| Roth et al. (22) | Austria | Retrospective | 88 | 36 | 49 | 50 | Bosch | Kramer | 17 | 17 |
| Maffulli et al. (23) | UK | Retrospective | 36 | 36 | 51.5 | 52.6 | Bosch | Scarf | 25 | 25 |
| Radwan and Mansour (24) | Egypt | RCT | 29 | 31 | 32.7 | 35.7 | Bosch | Chevron | 21.7 | 19.5 |
| Chiang et al. (25) | China Taiwan | Retrospective | 32 | 30 | 61.1 | 64.5 | Bosch | Ludloff | 24 | 24 |
| Giannini et al. (26) | Italy | RCT | 20 | 20 | 53 | 53 | SERI | Scarf | 84 | 84 |
| Poggio et al. (27) | Spain | Retrospective | 69 | 133 | 62.5 | 52.9 | SERI | Scarf | 12 | 12 |
| Brogan et al. (5) | UK | Retrospective | 49 | 32 | 53 | 57 | PECA | Chevron | 31 | 37 |
| Othman and Hegazy (28) | Egypt | RCT | 33 | 25 | 40.47 | 39.2 | Bosch | Chevron | 49.36 | 51.56 |
| Lee et al. (29) | Australia | RCT | 25 | 25 | 52.6 | 53.4 | PECA | Scarf/Akin | 6 | 6 |
| Lai et al. (30) | Singapore | Retrospective | 29 | 58 | 54.3 | 54.3 | PECA | Scarf/Akin | 24 | 24 |
| Kaufmann et al. (15) | Austria | RCT | 25 | 22 | 52 | 44 | MICA | Chevron/Akin | 9 | 9 |
| Boksh et al. (4) | UK | Prospective | 16 | 21 | 52.2 | 46 | Mini-Scarf | Scarf | 28 | 28 |
| Choi et al. (13) | South Korea | Retrospective | 25 | 30 | 21.3 | 22.4 | Bosch | Chevron | 19.9 | 20.5 |
| Frigg et al. (14) | Switzerland | Prospective | 48 | 50 | 48.04 | 48.23 | MICA | Scarf/Akin | 24 | 24 |
| Palmanovich et al. (17) | Israel | RCT | 20 | 15 | 38.7 | 49.2 | SERI | Chevron | 38.7 | 49.2 |
| Lim et al. (16) | Singapore | Retrospective | 52 | 52 | 48.7 | 52.3 | MICA | Scarf | 48.7 | 52.3 |
| Kaufmann et al. (15) | Austria | RCT | 19 | 20 | 54 | 47 | MICA | Chevron/Akin | 54 | 47 |
| Schilde et al. (18) | Germany | Retrospective | 124 | 86 | 56.8 | 57.1 | MICA | Scarf/Akin | 56.8 | 57.1 |
| Torrent et al. (31) | Spain | RCT | 30 | 28 | 60.7 | 64.2 | Mini-Scarf | Scarf | 21 | 21 |
| Siddiqui et al. (32) | USA | Retrospective | 31 | 30 | 43.2 | 50 | Bosch | Chevron | 18.7 | 26.6 |
| Guo et al. (33) | China | Retrospective | 48 | 64 | 60.9 | 60.6 | POO | Chevron | 24 | 24 |
| Tay et al. (34) | Singapore | Retrospective | 30 | 30 | 51.7 | 52.7 | MICA | Scarf/Akin | 24 | 24 |
RCT, Randomized controlled trial; NO., Number; MIS, Minimally invasive surgery; SERI, Simple, Effective, Rapid, Inexpensive; PECA, Percutaneous Chevron-Akin; MICA, Minimally invasive Chevron-Akin; POO, percutaneous oblique osteotomy.