Table 3.
Main results of subgroup meta-analysis.
| Index | n | RR | SMD | 95% CI | P | I2 % | P for heterogeneity | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HVA (RCT only) | 8 | NA | −0.08 | −0.50 ~ 0.34 | 0.53 | 76 | P < 0.01 | REM |
| HVA (non-RCT only) | 13 | NA | −0.2 | −0.43 ~ 0.03 | 0.03 | 63 | P < 0.01 | REM |
| HVA (2G MIS) | 9 | NA | −0.08 | −0.31 ~ 0.15 | 0.51 | 46 | 0.06 | FEM |
| HVA (3G MIS) | 9 | NA | −0.4 | −0.68 ~ 0.13 | P < 0.01 | 69 | P < 0.01 | REM |
| IMA (RCT only) | 9 | NA | −0.25 | −0.58 ~ 0.08 | 0.14 | 63 | P < 0.01 | REM |
| IMA (non-RCT only) | 13 | NA | −0.09 | −0.33 ~ 0.14 | 0.42 | 72 | P < 0.01 | REM |
| IMA (2G MIS) | 9 | NA | −0.28 | −0.57 ~ 0.01 | 0.04 | 64 | P < 0.01 | REM |
| IMA (3G MIS) | 9 | NA | 0.01 | −0.30 ~ 0.31 | 0.96 | 75 | P < 0.01 | REM |
| DMAA (RCT only) | 5 | NA | −0.19 | −0.46 ~ 0.06 | 0.14 | 0 | 0.72 | FEM |
| DMAA (non-RCT only) | 5 | NA | −0.44 | −0.87 ~ 0.02 | 0.04 | 71 | P < 0.01 | REM |
| DMAA (2G MIS) | 5 | NA | −0.14 | −0.38 ~ 0.11 | 0.27 | 0 | 0.71 | FEM |
| DMAA (3G MIS) | 3 | NA | −0.79 | −1.08 ~−0.49 | P < 0.01 | 35 | 0.21 | FEM |
| AOFAS score (RCT only) | 7 | NA | 0.45 | 0.03 ~ 0.87 | 0.04 | 73 | P < 0.01 | REM |
| AOFAS score (non-RCT only) | 10 | NA | 0.14 | −0.25 ~ 0.53 | 0.48 | 89 | P < 0.01 | REM |
| AOFAS score (2G MIS) | 7 | NA | 0.37 | −0.17 ~ 0.90 | 0.18 | 88 | P < 0.01 | REM |
| AOFAS score (3G MIS) | 8 | NA | 0.17 | −0.22 ~ 0.56 | 0.39 | 83 | P < 0.01 | REM |
| Complication rate (RCT only) | 8 | 1.03 | NA | 0.68 ~ 1.57 | 0.89 | 28 | 0.21 | FEM |
| Complication rate (non-RCT only) | 12 | 1.12 | NA | 0.70 ~ 1.82 | 0.62 | 52 | 0.01 | REM |
| Complication rate (2G MIS) | 9 | 1.05 | NA | 0.55 ~ 2.02 | 0.88 | 65 | P < 0.01 | REM |
| Complication rate (3G MIS) | 9 | 1.07 | NA | 0.76 ~ 1.51 | 0.71 | 0 | 0.47 | FEM |
N, number of included studies; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standardized mean difference; CI, confidence interval; RCT, randomized controlled trial; HVA, hallux valgus angle; 2G, second generation; 3G, third generation; MIS, minimally invasive surgery; NA, not applicable; FEM, fixed effect model; REM, random effect model; IMA, first intermetatarsal angle; DMAA, distal metatarsal articular angle; AOFAS, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society.