Table 3.
Age-related differences
| Child (<18 years) (%) | Adult (18-64 years) (%) | Older age (65-79 years) (%) | 80 and over (80 + years) (%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unweighted cases | 45 | 309 | 328 | 455 | |
| National estimate | 1000* | 10,053 | 10,792 | 16,247 | |
| Incidence rate (95% CI) | 0.7 (0.3-1.1) | 2.6 (1.8-3.4) | 17.1 (12.5-21.7) | 71.8 (51.9-91.8) | |
| Gender (female/male) | 22.7*/77.3* | 39.7/60.3 | 50/50 | 66.2/33.8 | 0.00001 |
| Race | |||||
| Not specified | 35.4* | 24.7 | 20 | 20.1 | 0.00001 |
| White | 44* | 66.7 | 72.5 | 77.3 | |
| Black | 3.5* | 6 | 5.6* | 1.9* | |
| Other | 7.1* | 1.8* | 1.6* | 0* | |
| Asian | 10* | 0.8* | 0.3* | 0.7* | |
| Mechanism of injury | |||||
| Low energy | 4.4* | 42.1 | 79 | 94.3 | 0.00001 |
| High energy | 23.3* | 24.9 | 13.4 | 4.4 | |
| Sports/exercise | 53.8 | 18.6 | 7.1 | 1.2* | |
| Motor vehicle | 18.6* | 14.4 | 0.5* | 0.1* | |
| Hospital admission | 74.4 | 76.7 | 79.8 | 81.2 | 0.5445 |
| Any concomitant injury | 59.8 | 52.7 | 58.6 | 61 | 0.2523 |
| Concomitant head injury | 20.3* | 12.1 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 0.5893 |
| Any concomitant fracture | 38.9* | 44.4 | 47.3 | 51.7 | 0.305 |
| Concomitant skull/facial fracture | 1.5* | 9 | 4.4 | 6 | 0.1497 |
| Concomitant spine (C2-L5) fracture | 26.2* | 33.3 | 36.1 | 45.1 | 0.0131 |
| Combined atlantoaxial (C1 and C2) fracture | 24.1* | 21.8 | 31.6 | 43.1 | 0.00001 |
| Concomitant subaxial cervical (C3-C7) fracture | 0.5* | 11.4 | 5.2 | 1.5* | 0.00001 |
| Concomitant thoracolumbar (T1-L5) fracture | 1.7* | 8.4 | 3.8* | 2.9* | 0.0086 |
| Concomitant extremity fracture | 3.1* | 7.5 | 10 | 6.2 | 0.3258 |
*An estimate which is unstable and potentially unreliable due to the small number of cases. CI - Confidence interval