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. 2022 Mar 21;13:834644. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834644

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Copyright © 2022 Vandebergh, Becelaere, CHARGE Inflammation Working Group, Dubois and Goris

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Directed acyclic graph of the Mendelian randomization mediation analysis. α = the effect of BMI on IL-6 signaling levels; β1 = the effect of IL-6 signaling on MS, adjusted for BMI using multivariable MR; β2 = the effect of BMI on MS, independently from IL-6 signaling; the indirect effect is estimated by multiplying α with β1. The proportion mediated is estimated by dividing the indirect effect (α * β₁) by the total effect of BMI on MS.