TABLE 1.

Effect of IONPs and SiNPs on root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, leaf relative water content, and net photosynthetic rate of Phaseolus vulgaris grown in different concentrations of Cd.

Treatments	Root FW (g plant–1)	Shoot FW (g plant–1)	Root DW (g plant–1)	Shoot DW (g plant–1)	LRWC (%)	Net Photosynthetic rate (μmol m–2 s–1)
Cd0 + IONPs	4.21 ± 0.45ab	25.12 ± 1.89b	0.33 ± 0.0021b	2.76 ± 0.54bc	82 ± 6.76	1.98 ± 0.35cd
Cd0 + SiNPs	3.76 ± 0.37cd	23.18 ± 1.46bc	0.28 ± 0.0031bc	2.34 ± 0.38bc	86 ± 5.27	2.19 ± 0.76c
Cd0 + IONPs + SiNPs	5.89 ± 0.89a	34.98 ± 2.87a	0.56 ± 0.0039a	3.54 ± 0.39a	90 ± 5.87	3.17 ± 0.38a
Cd1 + IONPs	3.78 ± 0.37c	21.12 ± 1.78c	0.21 ± 0.0035cd	2.09 ± 0.54cd	78 ± 3.98	2.19 ± 0.57bc
Cd1 + SiNPs	2.56 ± 0.87de	18.98 ± 1.67d	0.28 ± 0.0076bc	2.56 ± 0.43c	80 ± 4.18	2.67 ± 0.18bc
Cd1 + IONPs + SiNPs	4.18 ± 0.48b	24.78 ± 1.09bc	0.39 ± 0.0072ab	2.98 ± 0.15ab	90 ± 5.28	3.08 ± 0.24ab
Cd2 + IONPs	2.76 ± 0.27d	18.23 ± 1.04de	0.17 ± 0.0043d	1.89 ± 0.76 d	72 ± 3.67	1.09 ± 0.12d
Cd2 + SiNPs	2.23 ± 0.45de	20.89 ± 1.09cd	0.26 ± 0.0021c	2.08 ± 0.45cd	80 ± 4.27	1.89 ± 0.38cd
Cd2 + IONPs + SiNPs	3.89 ± 0.48bc	23.89 ± 1.34bc	0.32 ± 0.0028b	2.65 ± 0.16c	92 ± 4.87	2.76 ± 0.17b
Cd3 + IONPs	1.89 ± 0.56e	13.76 ± 1.09f	0.17 ± 0.0021d	1.09 ± 0.78e	63 ± 3.87	0.98 ± 0.002d
Cd3 + SiNPs	2.67 ± 0.72de	15.27 ± 1.38e	0.13 ± 0.0065de	1.56 ± 0.37de	76 ± 4.76	1.67 ± 0.21cd
Cd3 + IONPs + SiNPs	3.89 ± 0.51bc	18.28 ± 1.02de	0.28 ± 0.0078bc	2.78 ± 0.28b	84 ± 5.98	2.09 ± 0.54bc

Here IONPs, SiNPs, Cd0, Cd1, Cd2, Cd3 indicates iron oxide nanoparticles, silicon nanoparticles, 0 mM CdCl₂, 1 mM CdCl₂, 1.5 mM CdCl₂, 2 mM CdCl₂. Different letters indicate significant difference among the treatments (P ≤ 0.05).