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| Precursor | Probes | Linear range (μM) | LOD (nM) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boric acid and ethylenediamine | B,N-CDs/MnO2 | 0–90 | 320 | 55 |
| O-Phenylenediamine and citric acid | CQDs | 1–80 | 300 | 56 |
| Eggshell membrane ashes | C-Dots | 5 × 102 to 8 × 104 | 480 | 57 |
| Citric acid monohydrate and l-cysteine | S-CDs/AuNPs | 0.01–5.0 | 3.6 | 58 |
| Citric acid and taurine | NS-CDs–Hg2+ | 0–85 | 67 | This work |
