Table 2.

Cellulose-EOs nanomaterials characteristics and potential applications.

Characteristics of cellulose used	EOs loaded into cellulose nanomaterials	Nanomaterials size (nm)	NPs polydispersity index	NPs zeta potential (mV)	Methods used	Functionality	Type of study	Medical or veterinary applications	References
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)	Thyme white (Thymus vulgaris)	Width of 10 and length of 274	Not reported	Not reported	CNCs are produced by hydrolysis of sulfonic acid and used for the formation of the Pickering emulsion with EOs	Not reported	In vitro	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram+), and Escherichia coli (Gram-)	(Shin et al., 2019)
Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs)	Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	CNFs are prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment and TEMPO (2, 2, 6, 6-tetram-ethylpiperidine-1-oxide)-mediated oxidation pretreatment	Not reported	In vitro	Antibacterial properties were tested through fresh beef experiments, to preserve fresh food from contamination by bacteria	(Zhang et al., 2020)
Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs)	Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Supercritical impregnation of active molecules, such as EOs, onto nanocellulose three-dimensional (3 D) structures	Not reported	In vitro	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis (Gram+), and Escherichia coli (Gram-)	(Darpentigny et al., 2020)
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films	Santolina (Santolina chamaecyparissus), Pepper tree (Schinus molle), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus)	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Preparation of CMC-based films containing EOs	Not reported	In vitro	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis (Gram+), and Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi (Gram-)	(Simsek et al., 2020)