Table 2.
Characterization of studies according to the infected animal species and coronavirus.
| Population |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies | Species | Coronavirus | n | n positive | Lab Technique | Prevalence |
| Yadav PD et al., 2020 | Bat (Pteropus) | BtCoV | 508 | 21 | RT-PCR | 4.13 |
| Bat (Rousettus) | BtCoV | 78 | 4 | RT-PCR | 5.13 | |
| Goodrich EL, et al., 2020 | AMH* and donkeys | BCoV/ECov | 30 | 25 | ||
| ValituttoI et al., 2020 | Bat** | PREDICT_CoV-35,47,82,92,93,96 | 464 | 7 | PCR | 1.5 |
| Qingye Zhuang et al., 2020 | Pigeons*** | CdCoV | 687 | 19 | RT-PCR | 2.77 |
| DdCoV | 687 | 6 | RT-PCR | 0.87 | ||
| PdCoV | 687 | 159 | RT-PCR | 23.14 | ||
| Roya Mohammadpour et al., 2020 | Camels | MERS-CoV*4 | 18 | 3 | Serology | 16.66 |
| 186 | 8 | Serology | 4.30 | |||
| 98 | 7 | RT-PCR | 7.14 | |||
| Masashi YAMADA et al., 2020 | Calves | BCV | 88 | 1 | RT-PCR | 1.14 |
| Nziza J, Goldstein T, Cranfield M, et al., 2020 | Bat | CoV*5 | 503 | 27 | c-PCR | 5.4 |
| Canuti M et al., 2019 | great black-backed | GuCoV B29*6 | 26 | 3 | PCR | 11.5 |
| American herring gulls | 24 | 2 | PCR | 8.3 | ||
| Markotter W et al., 2019 | Bat | Rh-BtCoV/441/Rwanda/08 Rh- BtCoV/445/Rwanda/08 (Betacoronavirus) |
101 | 2 | RT-PCR | 1.9 |
| Uhart M et al., 2019 | Magellanic Penguins | Avian coronavirus M41 Avian coronavirus C46 Avian coronavirus A99 Avian coronavirus JMK |
393 | 171 235 147 158 |
serological test (hemagglutination inhibition) | 43.5 59.8 37.4 40.2 |
| Maboni G et al., 2019 | Dog | CoV | 559 | 26 | PCR | 4.6 |
| Pusterla N et al., 2019 | Horse | ECoV | 277 | 20 | qPCR | 7.2 |
| Ommeh S et al., 2018 | Turkana Rendille/Gabbra Somali (1) Improved/Pakistani Somali (2) Human |
MERS-CoV | 156 293 611 84 19 486 |
76 234 460 14 8 20 |
ELISA | 48.72 79.86 75.29 16.67 42.11 4.12 |
| Dortmans JCFM et al., 2018 | Dutch Pigs Wild boar |
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) | 838 101 |
9 0 |
1.07 0 |
|
| David D et al., 2018 | Alpacas Llamas |
MERS-CoV | 102 19 |
35 7 |
ELISA | 34.3 36.8 |
| de Mira Fernandes A et al., 2018 | Calves | BCoV (Bovine coronaviru) | 44 70 |
10 7 |
22.72 10 |
|
| Obameso JO et al., 2017 | Bat | Ro-BatCoV GCCDC1 | 118 270 180 |
47 70 64 |
PCR | 39.8 38.8 35.6 |
| Rizzo F et al., 2017 | Bat | CoV | 302 | 36 | PCR | 12 |
| Lee S et al., 2017 | Bat | Bat-CoV-JTMC15 Bat-CoV-HKU5 Bat-CoV-SC2013 |
672 | 18 | RT-PCR | 2.7 |
| Falzarano D et al., 2017 | Dromedary camels | MERS-CoV | 570 | 502 | ELISA | 88 |
| Lu S et al., 2017 | Dog | CRCoV-BJ232*7 | 246 | 16 | RT-PCR | 6.5 |
| Fish EJ et al., 2017 | Cat | feline coronavirus (FCoV) | 205 | 9 | qRT-PCR | 4.4 |
| Domańska-Blicharz K et al., 2017 | Turkey | TCoV | 207 | 20 | RT-PCR | 9.8 |
| Domańska-Blicharz K et al., 2017 | Dromedary Camels | MERS-CoV | 565 | 315 | ELISA | 55.8 |
| Lacroix A et al., 2017 | Bat |
alpha-coronavirus (αCoV) strain HKU10, PREDICT-CoV-53 strains BatCoV Ratcha-67 BatCoV-25 PA201 beta-CoV(βCoV) PREDICT-CoV-22 strains PREDICT-CoV22, R91, R77, R74, R58 PREDICT-CoV-24 strains, R96, R75, R72, R65, R59, R71 PREDICT-CoV-34 strain, MERS-CoV JPDB144 BatCoV512_SL2-9_Pisp |
1965 | 93 | RT-PCR | 4.7 |
| Torres CA et al., 2016 | Quail Chicken |
Gammacoronavirus Deltacoronavirus | 60 30 |
28 6 |
RT-PCR | 46.6 20 |
| Corman VM et al., 2016 | dromedary camels | HCoV-229E | 364 | 150 | IFA | 41.2 |
| Asano KM et al., 2016 | Bat | Alphacoronavirus | 29 | 9 | RT-PCR | 31 |
| Wille M et al., 2016 | Scandinavian Waterfowl | Gammacoronavirus | 764 | 143 | QRT-PCR | 18.7 |
| Ge XY et al., 2016 | China | Alphacoronavirus Betacoronaviruse |
276 | 138 | RT-PCR | 50 |
| Müller MA et al. 2015 | Saudi Arabia | MERS-CoV | 10,009 | 15 | ELISA | 0.15 |
Note: *American Miniature Horse (AMH) of one farm in upstate New York. ECoV – enteric coronavirus.** 11 species across eight genera from six familie. PREDICT_CoV: unclassified Coronavirinae (Three novel alphacoronaviruses, three novel betacoronaviruses, and one known alphacoronavirus previously identified in the southeast Asian, were detected for the first time in bats in Myanmar).*** Viruses were organized into lineages based on phylogenetic analysis, and the CoVs dominant in chickens, ducks pigeons, and geese were named as pigeon-dominant coronavirus (PdCoV), chicken-dominant coronavirus (CdCoV), duck-dominant coronavirus (DdCoV) and geese-dominant coronavirus (GdCoV), respectively.*4: Khalaj, 2014a; Khalaj, 2014b and Khalili Bagaloy et al., 2017, respectively.*5 Known Coronaviruses Detected in Bats: 1) Strain of Kenya bat coronavirus/BtKY56/BtKY55, 2) Strain of Chaerephon bat/coronavirus/Kenya/KY22/2006, 3) Strain of Eidolon bat coronavirus/Kenya/KY24/2006, 4) Strain of Bat coronavirus HKU9; Novel Coronaviruses Detected in Bats: 1) PREDICT_CoV-42, 2) PREDICT_CoV-43, 3) PREDICT_CoV-44, 4) PREDICT_CoV-66.*6 The phylogenetic analyses of GuCoV B29 performed suggest that this virus could represent a novel species within the genus Gammacoronavirus.*7 the isolation of CRCoV-BJ232 failed on cell culture.