Table 1.

Approved Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2

Research name	Commercial name	Developer	Vaccine type	Active ingredient	Relevant details of excipients and formulationa	Dose	Numberof doses	Interval doses	Booster doseb	Efficacyc	Age indication	Storage
BNT162b2 Tozinameran	Pfizer Comirnaty >17 y	Pfizer-BioNTech (and Fosun)	RNA based	Nucleoside-modRNA encoding viral spike GP SARS-CoV-2	2-[PEG-2000]-N,N-ditetradecylacetamide	0.3 mL IM (30 μg)	2	21 d	≥ 5 mo	95%12	18 y +	−80°C to −60°C (−112°F to −76°F)
BNT162b2 Tozinameran	Pfizer Comirnaty 12-17 y	Pfizer-BioNTech (and Fosun)	RNA based	Nucleoside-modRNA encoding viral spike GP SARS-CoV-2	2-[PEG-2000]-N,N-ditetradecylacetamide	0.3 mL IM (30 μg)	2	21 d	≥5 mo	100%77	12-17 y	−80°C to −60°C (−112°F to −76°F)
BNT162b2 Tozinameran	Pfizer Comirnaty 5-11 y	Pfizer-BioNTech (and Fosun)	RNA based	Nucleoside-modRNA encoding viral spike GP SARS-CoV-2	2-[PEG-2000]-N,N-ditetradecylaacetamide Tromethamine	0.2 mL IM (10 μg)	2	21 d	n/ab	90.7%78	5-11 y	−80°C to −60°C (−112°F to −76°F)
mRNA-1273	Moderna Spikevax >17 y	Moderna and NIAID	RNA based	mRNA encoding the pre-fusion stabilized spike GP (S) SARS-CoV-2	PEG-2000-DMG Tromethamine	0.5 mL IM (100 μg)	2	28 d	50 mcg ≥6 mo	94.1%79	18 y +	−20°C (−4°F)
mRNA-1273	Moderna Spikevax 12-17 y	Moderna and NIAID	RNA based	mRNA encoding the pre-fusion stabilized spike GP (S) SARS-CoV-2	PEG-2000-DMG Tromethamine	0.5 mL IM (100 μg)	2	28 d	n/a	100%80	12-17 y	−20°C (−4°F)
AZD1222 ChAdOx1-S Vaxzevria	AstraZeneca vaccine COVISHIELD Vaxzevria	AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford	NR viral vector	Recombinant, replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vector encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike GP	Polysorbate-80	0.5 mL IM (5 × 1010)	2	4-12 wk	n/a	62%81	18 y +	2°C to 8°C (35.6°F to 46.4°F)
JNJ-78436735 Ad26.COV2.S	Johnson & Johnson	Janssen Pharmaceutical companies (Johnson & Johnson)	NR viral vector	Recombinant, replication-incompetent adenovirus type 26 expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein	Polysorbate-80	0.5 mL IM	1	n/a	≥2 mo	66% (overall) 72% (United States) 85% (severe disease)82	18 y +	−20°C (−4°F)
NVX-CoV2373	Nuvaxovid	Novavax	Protein	SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein	Polysorbate-80	0.5 mL IM	2	21 d	n/a	89.7%83	18 y +	≤−60°C
BBIBP-CorV	Sinopharm	Sinopharm (Beijing)	Inactivated virus	SARS-CoV-2 virus (cultivated in Vero cell line)	n/a	0.5 mL IM	2	21-28 d	n/a	78.1%84	18 y +	2°C to 8°C
CoronaVac PiCoVacc	CoronaVac PiCoVacc	Sinovac	Inactivated virus	SARS-CoV-2 virus	n/a	0.5 mL IM	2	14-28 d	n/a	50%-91%85, 86, 87	18 y +	Room temp.
BBV152 A, B, C	Covaxin	Bharat Biotech	Inactivated virus	SARS-CoV-2 virus	n/a	0.5 mL IM	2	28 d	n/a	77.8%88	18 y +	2°C to 8°C

Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; GP, glycoprotein; IM, intramuscular; mRNA, messenger RNA; modRNA, modified messenger RNA; NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; PEG, polyethylene glycol; PEG-2000-DMG, 1,2-dimyristoyl-rac-glycero3-methoxypolyethylene glycol-2000; RNA, ribonucleic acid; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; NR, non-replicating; Temp, temperature.

^aThis column only contains the inactive lipids that are considered potential culprit for hypersensitivity reactions associated with these vaccines.

^bThe recommendation for immunocompromised hosts for the mRNA vaccines is to administer a third dose 28 d after the second dose and a fourth booster dose 5 mo after the third dose. For immunocompromised children, a third dose is also recommended 28 d after the second dose but only the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine has an EUA for 5- to 11-year-old children should this be used. Booster dosing 5 mo following primary vaccination has not yet received a EUA. The American College of Rheumatology has recommended adjusting the timing of immunosuppression where possible (eg, rituximab initiated 4 wk before primary series or delaying rituximab until 2-4 wk after completion of the primary vaccination series).⁸⁹

Revaccination with the original series 3 mo following the intervention is recommended after hematopoietic cell transplant or CAR-T therapy.⁹⁰

^cRefers to efficacy in phase III clinical trials against symptomatic COVID-19 illness. All vaccines have reduced efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2 viral variants although the effectiveness against severe COVID-19 disease, hospitalization, and mortality has remained for the delta and omicron variants particularly in adults who have received a booster dose with mRNA vaccines. Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer or neutralizing antibody should not be measured because there is poor correlation and cellular immunity is likely playing a key role in protection against severe disease associated with newer variants.