Skip to main content
. 2021 Feb 12;2:84–90. doi: 10.1109/OJEMB.2021.3059161

TABLE I. (Continued) Current Standards Related to End-Effector Devices.

Standard Description
Electrical Specifications IEC 60601-1:2005+AMD1:2012, ANSI/AAMI ES60601-1:2005/(R)2012, IEC 80601-2-78:2019 General safety
IEC 60601-2-10:2012+AMD1:2016 Stimulator safety
IEC 60601-2-40:2016 EMG safety
IEC 60601-1-2:2014, ETSI EN 301 489-1, ETSI EN 301 489-3 , BS EN 50561-1:2013 Electromagnetic
IEC 62304:2006+AMD1:2015 Software
IEC 60601-1-10:2007+AMD1:2013 Closed-loop control
ANSI/AAMI HA60601-1-11:2015 Devices for home healthcare
ANSI/IEC 60529-2004 Electrical enclosure
UL 1642 5th Ed. Lithium Batteries
ISO/WD 7176-14,
ISO 7176-4:2008
Wheelchair power/controls
IEEE 1856 Prognostics & Health Management of Electronic Systems
Mechanical ISO 10328:2016, ISO 15032:2000,
ISO 22675:2016, ISO/TR 22676:2006, ISO/TS 16955:2016, ISO 22523:2006 ,
Requirements and testing
ISO 7176-6:2001, ISO 7176-2:2017 Wheelchair speed and dynamics
General ISO 14971:2007 Risk management
ISO 13485:2016, ISO 9001:2015 Quality management of medical devices
ISO 15223-1:2016 Labeling
ISO 10993-1:2009 , ISO 10993-10:2010 , ISO 10993-5:2009 Biocompatibility
AAMI ANSI HE75:2009/(R)2013 Human factors engineering
AAMI TIR49:2013 Instructional materials
AAMI ANSI IEC 62366-1:2015 Application and usability
ISO 14001:2015 Environmental management
WHO standards for prosthetics and orthotics. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Global standards for prosthetics and orthotics
Definition & Terminology ISO 8548-1:1989 , ISO 8548-2:1993 ,
ISO 8548-3:1993 , ISO 8548-4:1998 ,
ISO 8548-5:2003 ,
Limb deficiencies
ISO 8549-1:1989 , ISO 8549-2:1989 ,
ISO 8549-3: 1989 , ISO 8549-4:2014
Prosthetics & orthotics vocabulary
ISO 8551:2003 , ISO 21065:2017 ,
ISO 29781:2008 , ISO 29782:2008
Functional deficiencies & rehabilitation
ISO 29783-1:2008 , ISO 29783-2:2015 , ISO 29783-3:2016 Human gait
ISO 13404:2007, ISO 13405-1:2015,
ISO 13405-2:2015, ISO 21064:2017,
ISO 21063:2017
Prosthetics & Orthotics components
IEEE 1872-2015 , IEEE P1872.1 ,
IEEE 7007 , IEEE 7008
Robotics
IoT IEEE 1451-99 Harmonization and Security
IEEE 2413 Architectural Framework
Standard Description
IEEE 2510 Sensor performance & Quality
Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality IEEE 2048.1 Definitions
IEEE 2048.2 , 2048.3 , 2048.7 , 2048.8 Visual
IEEE 2048.9 , 2048.10 Audio
IEEE 2014.6 Interface
IEEE 3333.1.1-2015 User Experience
IEEE 2048.4 Person Identify
IEEE 2048.5 Safety
IEEE 2048.12 Content ratings
Implants (e.g., Osseointegrated Devices) Materials ISO 5832-3:2016 Wrought titanium 6-aluminium 4-vanadium alloy
ASTM F136-13 Wrought titanium-6 aluminum-4 vanadium ELI (extra low interstitial)
ASTM F67-13 Unalloyed titanium
ASTM F899-12b Wrought Stainless Steels
Mechanical ASTM F88/F88M-09 Seal strength
ISO 10993-18:2005 Chemical Characterization
ISO 11607-2:2006 Forming, Sealing & Assembly processes
ASTM F1929-12 Detecting seal leaks
General ISO 14971:2007 Risk Management
ISO 15223-1:2016 Labeling
ISO 14644-1:2015 Controlled Environments
IEC 62366-1:2015 Usability
BS EN 1041 Device Information