Table 2.
Clinical outcomes of the patients with and without diabetes and univariate Cox regression analysis for hazard ratio of diabetes vs. nondiabetes for all outcomes during a nearly 8-year follow-up period.
| Before matching | After matching | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes (n = 632) | Nondiabetes (n = 1110) | HR (95% CI) | P value | Diabetes (n = 373) | Nondiabetes (n = 373) | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Primary outcome | ||||||||
| Cardiovascular events | 125 (19.8) | 139 (12.5) | 2.06 (1.61-2.62) | <0.001 | 70 (18.8) | 46 (12.3) | 1.82 (1.25-2.63) | 0.002 |
| HF hospitalization | 94 (14.9) | 112 (10.1) | 1.91 (1.45-2.52) | <0.001 | 57 (15.3) | 38 (10.2) | 1.78 (1.18-2.68) | 0.006 |
| AMI | 31 (4.9) | 27 (2.4) | 2.47 (1.47-4.15) | 0.001 | 13 (3.5) | 8 (2.1) | 1.87 (0.77-4.51) | 0.165 |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||||
| Pacemaker infection | 16 (2.5) | 28 (2.5) | 1.00 (0.54-1.87) | 0.991 | 14 (3.8) | 8 (2.1) | 1.78 (0.74-4.29) | 0.200 |
| Major infection | 3 (0.5) | 4 (0.4) | 1.32 (0.29-5.91) | 0.718 | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.3) | 2.01 (0.18-22.21) | 0.571 |
| Minor infection | 13 (2.1) | 24 (2.2) | 0.95 (0.48-1.88) | 0.884 | 12 (3.2) | 7 (1.9) | 1.74 (0.68-4.47) | 0.251 |
| PICM | 105 (16.6) | 108 (9.7) | 2.24 (1.71-2.93) | <0.001 | 64 (17.2) | 46 (12.3) | 1.62 (1.11-2.36) | 0.013 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 83 (13.1) | 141 (12.7) | 1.32 (1.00-1.73) | 0.047 | 56 (15.0) | 49 (13.1) | 1.33 (0.91-1.95) | 0.146 |
| Cardiovascular mortality | 56 (8.9) | 68 (6.1) | 1.81 (1.27-2.58) | 0.001 | 25 (6.7) | 21 (5.6) | 1.38 (0.77-2.46) | 0.279 |
| All-cause mortality | 186 (29.4) | 237 (21.4) | 1.75 (1.44-2.12) | <0.001 | 95 (25.5) | 77 (20.6) | 1.41 (1.05-1.92) | 0.023 |
∗Data are presented as number (%) of patients. AMI: acute myocardial infarction; CI: confidence interval; HF: heart failure; HR: hazard ratio; PICM: pacing-induced cardiomyopathy.