Table 1.
Mean scores (standard deviations) for the subscales of the Big Five Inventory, the Online Student Engagement Scale and the Stress Hindrance and Challenge Scales, and the Pearson correlation coefficients between these measures.
| Scale | Mean (SD) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BFI | ||||||||||||
| Openness (1) | 35.09 (5.40) | – | −0.13⁎ | 0.08 | 0.02 | −0.04 | −0.02 | 0.33⁎⁎⁎ | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Conscientiousness (2) | 29.43 (6.15) | – | 0.09 | 0.33⁎⁎⁎ | −0.12⁎ | 0.61⁎⁎⁎ | 0.32⁎⁎⁎ | 0.18⁎⁎ | 0.26⁎⁎⁎ | −0.13⁎ | −0.08 | |
| Extraversion (3) | 25.32 (6.81) | – | 0.14⁎ | −0.33⁎⁎⁎ | 0.03 | 0.13⁎ | 0.36⁎⁎⁎ | 0.14⁎ | −0.15⁎ | −0.09 | ||
| Agreeableness (4) | 33.86 (5.46) | – | −0.17⁎⁎ | 0.27⁎⁎⁎ | 0.15⁎⁎ | 0.20⁎⁎⁎ | 0.15⁎⁎ | 0.02 | 0.08 | |||
| Neuroticism (5) | 27.28 (6.71) | – | 0.08 | −0.02 | −0.14⁎ | −0.02 | 0.46⁎⁎⁎ | 0.38⁎⁎⁎ | ||||
| OSES | ||||||||||||
| Skills (6) | 20.07 (4.32) | – | 0.47⁎⁎⁎ | 0.31⁎⁎⁎ | 0.38⁎⁎⁎ | 0.05 | −0.02 | |||||
| Emotional (7) | 16.83 (3.92) | – | 0.32⁎⁎⁎ | 0.27⁎⁎⁎ | −0.09 | −0.13⁎ | ||||||
| Participation (8) | 14.96 (4.98) | – | 0.17⁎⁎ | −0.07 | −0.03 | |||||||
| Performance (9) | 7.90 (1.51) | – | −0.13⁎ | −0.04 | ||||||||
| Stress scales | ||||||||||||
| Stress hindrance (10) | 14.25 (3.79) | – | 0.56⁎⁎⁎ | |||||||||
| Stress challenge (11) | 16.13 (4.54) | – | ||||||||||
Note.
⁎
Denotes statistical significance <0.05.
⁎⁎
Denotes statistical significance <0.01.
⁎⁎⁎
Denotes statistical significance <0.001.