Table 4.

Role of circulating microRNA with sex-biased expression in different types of cells involved in DM2

microRNA	Type of cells	Signaling pathway	Biological function	References
miR-142-3p	HK-2	miR-142-3p/BOD1	Inhibition of HG-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress	Zhao et al. (2021)
miR-423-5p	ARPE-19	NFE2/miR-423-5p/TFF1	Regulation of HG-induced apoptosis	Xiao et al. (2019)
miR-423-5p	HK cells	XIST/miR-423-5p/HMGA2	Regulation of apoptosis and proliferation in HG-treated HK cells	Chen et al. (2021a)
miR-146a-5p	INS-1 cells	LncRNA PTGS2/miR-146a-5p/RBP4	miR-146a-5p may be involved in the inhibition of INS-1 cells dysfunction generated by RBP4	Chen et al. (2021b)
miR-423	HUVECs	There may be a link between miR-423, VEGF, and eNOS expression	miR-423 may be involved in the regulation of vascular proliferation in diabetes retinopathy	Blum et al. (2019)
miR-1281	ARPE-19	miR-1281 could potentially regulate VEGF expression	miR-1281 may exert a pathogenic role in the development of diabetic retinopathy	Greco et al. (2020)
miR-425-5p	HUVECs	NF-κB/miR-425-5p/MCT4	Regulation of lactate transport in HG and IL-1β-treated endothelial cells	Luo et al. (2020)

Abbreviations: HK-2 cells, human renal tubular epithelial cells; BOD1, biorientation of chromosomes in cell division 1; HG, high glucose; ARPE-19, adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line-19; NFE2, nuclear factor-erythroid 2; TFF1, trefoil factor 1; HK cells, human kidney cells; XIST, X-inactive-specific transcript; HMGA2, high mobility group protein A2; RVEC cells, human retinal vascular endothelial cells; INS-1 cells, mouse pancreatic β cell cells; RBP4, retinol-binding protein 4; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; ARPE-19, human retinal pigment epithelial cells; MCT4, monocarboxylate transporter 4