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. 2022 Mar 4;54(3):226–238. doi: 10.1038/s12276-022-00738-8

Fig. 2. p-Cresol (pc) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) induce THP-1 cell adhesion to a fibronectin matrix.

Fig. 2

THP-1 cells were transfected with scrambled RNA (Sc) as a control (CT) (upper microphotographs, b black bars) or were depleted of ILK with specific siRNA (lower microphotographs, b white bars). Afterward, the cells were seeded on fibronectin-coated coverslips and incubated with low concentrations of pc plus IS or high concentrations of pc plus IS for 24 h. a Adhesion of THP-1 cells stained with phalloidin (red) and Hoechst 33342 (blue) to the fibronectin matrix was determined by fluorescence confocal microscopy. The results of a representative experiment are shown. Scale bar, 50 µm. b Bar graphs indicating the average percentages of attached THP-1 cells treated as in a. The results are expressed as a percentage of the number of untreated CT cells. All values are presented as the mean ± SEM from 4 independent experiments. *P < 0.05 vs. CT; #P < 0.05 vs. Sc. TGF-β1 was used as a positive control.