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. 2022 Apr 4;8:17. doi: 10.1038/s41522-022-00278-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a A profile of human RNA isolated from total blood using ISOGEN-LS is shown. The purified RNA was treated with the indicated enzymes or left untreated (Control) and subsequently analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis. b The effects of human RNA on biofilm formation by MR10 in RPMIG. Biofilm biomass is shown as mean and standard deviation (error bar) from three independent experiments. **P < 0.01. c, d Biofilm formation in polyurethane tubes was analyzed under continuous flow conditions. MR10 was grown in PNG supplemented with (c) or without human RNA (d). Representative images of three independent experiments are shown. The arrows indicate the directions of flow. Scales indicate 1 cm.