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. 2022 Mar 22;13:853572. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.853572

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Copyright © 2022 Chedid, Andrieu, Kokhreidze, Tukvadze, Biswas, Ather, Uddin, Banu, De Maio, Delogu, Endtz, Goletti, Vocanson, Dumitrescu, Hoffmann and Ader

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Experimental and analytical workflow. Peripheral whole blood samples were collected from active TB patients (n = 22) throughout treatment (T0: baseline. T1: T0 + 2 months. T2: end of treatment). After whole blood stimulation with Mtb antigens (TB2 and rmsHBHA) or with a negative control (NIL), total white blood cells were extracted. After palladium (Pd) barcoding for unique sample identification before multiplexing, T-cells were analyzed with a 29-marker mass cytometry panel. TB2, Qiagen QuantiFERON TB2 tube (ESAT-6 + CFP-10 + undisclosed CD8⁺ T-cell stimulating peptide pool); rmsHBHA, recombinant heparin-binding hemagglutinin obtained in Mycobacterium smegmatis; UMAP, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection; FlowSOM, self-organizing map.