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. 2022 Mar 21;13:830433. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830433

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Longitudinal analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in COVID-19 patients over time according to the severity of illness. (A) Schematic illustration (created with BioRender.com) of experimental design for analyzing humoral and cellular immune response to SARS-CoV-2 according to the disease severity, including Figures 1 – 4 . (B) Binding activities of each Ig isotype to SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Diluted plasma samples (1:100) in PBS were incubated with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, receptor-binding domain (RBD), nucleocapsid (NC), and M protein. Corresponding isotyping Abs determined binding activities of IgM, IgA, and IgG to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. ASx, asymptomatic (8-month: n = 7, 12-month: n = 6), Mild (8-month: n = 2, 12-month: n = 9), Severe (8-month: n = 7, 12-month: n = 8). Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum test with Dunn’s post hoc test in GraphPad Prism (n.s.: P > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).