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. 2022 Mar 22;13:847937. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.847937

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Copyright © 2022 Zhong and Sun

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The relationship between inflammation and degenerative retina. Degenerative retinal diseases are characterized by the destruction of retinal homeostasis and mild chronic inflammation. Inflammatory factors released by microglia recruited in the injured layer play a crucial role in pathological changes, expressing TNF-α and several metalloproteinases, including MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP- 14. Microglia, retinal pigment epithelial cells and neurons in the retina express various complements and complement regulators. The degenerative retina reduces the expression of complement inhibitor CFH, while enhancing the expression of CFB in RPE cells. In addition, changes in the immunosuppressive microenvironment can interfere with RPE and microglia to produce various complement regulators (C4bp, C1INH, DAF and CD59). (A) The healthy retinal layered morphology. (B) The damaged retina under degenerative disease.