. 2021 Dec 2;101(5):101640. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101640

Table 7.

Effects of dietary palygorskite-based antibacterial agent supplementation on the concentrations of serum cytokines in broiler chickens (pg/mL).

Items¹^,²	CON	ANT	Palygorskite-based antibacterial agent level (mg/kg)				SEM³	P values
Items¹^,²	CON	ANT	250	500	1,000	2,000	SEM³	ANOVA	Linear	Quadratic
21 d
IFN-γ	462.95	452.11	456.49	455.24	450.80	446.13	7.49	0.994	0.535	0.945
IL-1β	128.26^a	104.56^b	121.79^ab	118.39^ab	105.91^b	101.80^b	2.87	0.027	0.003	0.504
TNF-α	44.06^a	35.01^b	40.22^ab	37.36^ab	35.62^b	33.69^b	1.04	0.031	0.002	0.970
42 d
IFN-γ	460.53^a	417.93^bcd	439.71^ab	432.69^abc	401.36^d	394.02^d	5.50	0.001	<0.001	0.486
IL-1β	112.36	105.08	104.42	104.33	99.32	93.23	2.46	0.354	0.033	0.784
TNF-α	40.05^a	29.87^bc	34.35^b	32.45^bc	31.41^bc	27.71^c	0.93	0.001	<0.001	0.874

^a,b,c,d

Means within a row with different superscripts are different at P < 0.05.

CON, control group; ANT, antibiotic group.

Abbreviations: IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.

SEM = Standard error of the mean (n = 8).