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. 2022 Mar 22;13:848709. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.848709

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Copyright © 2022 Ye, Ji, Wang, Wang, Li, Chen, Cheng, Li and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) HAMD scores within subjects at RW and after SD, n = 21. (B) 5-HT serum concentration of participants at RW and after SD, n = 17. (C) NE serum concentration of participants at RW and after SD, n = 17. HAMD, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; RW, rested wakefulness; SD, sleep deprivation; 5-HT, serotonin; NE, norepinephrine.