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. 2022 Mar 22;13:846936. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.846936

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Copyright © 2022 Masood, Bhattaram, Rosenblatt, Kazlauskas, Chang and Azar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Multi-step nature of vessel pruning and regression processes, reproduced from Korn and Augustin (2015). (A–D) Following the primarily blood flow-driven selection of a BV branch for regression (A), the BV constricts (B) until it occludes (C) and the blood flow ceases (D). ECs within regressing vessel segments may retract and undergo apoptosis (1), or they may migrate away to re-integrate elsewhere (2), leaving behind collagen V (ColIV) + empty basement membrane sleeves (ebms). Retracting ECs can disintegrate from the vascular network and undergo EC apoptosis due to detachment from the basement membrane (3). (E) In a final resolution step, regression of the selected BV branch is completed, leaving a remodeled vascular network behind.