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. 2022 Mar 22;13:846936. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.846936

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Copyright © 2022 Masood, Bhattaram, Rosenblatt, Kazlauskas, Chang and Azar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Signaling pathways controlling BV pruning and regression, reproduced from Korn and Augustin (2015), Korn and Augustin (2015). Multiple signaling pathways have been identified as regulators of BV regression. VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling, non-canonical WNT signaling, and blood flow-induced signaling serve as critical maintenance factors of the vasculature that are involved in the control of BV regression. Canonical WNT signaling stabilizes the vascular network and promotes EC proliferation. DLL4/Notch signaling supports BV regression by promoting BV constriction and flow stasis. The outcome of ANG/TIE signaling during BV remodeling is context dependent. Whereas ANG1 supports EC survival, ANG2 destabilizes the vascular network, driving it into regression in the absence of survival factor activity (e.g., VEGF).