. 2022 Apr 5;42(9):2847–2854. doi: 10.1007/s10792-022-02275-9

Table 2.

Dynamic pupillary light responses in healthy control participants and post-COVID-19 subjects with and without long-COVID

	Healthy controls (n = 30)	With long-COVID (n = 25)	Without long-COVID (n = 10)	P values
	Healthy controls (n = 30)	With long-COVID (n = 25)	Without long-COVID (n = 10)	With long-COVID versus control	Without long-COVID versus control	With versus without long-COVID
Initial pupil diameter (mm)	5.66 ± 0.84	5.62 ± 0.91	5.64 ± 0.82	0.985^a	0.997^a	0.998^a
Amplitude of contraction (mm)	1.83 ± 0.29	1.75 ± 0.35	1.72 ± 0.34	0.625^a	0.616^a	0.967^a
Latency of contraction (ms)	258.0 (234.8–276.5)	282.0 (272.0–296.5)	307.5 (246.3–317.8)	0.012^b	0.010^b	> 0.999^b
Duration of contraction (ms)	662.3 ± 89.2	585.9 ± 83.1	684.9 ± 82.5	0.005^a	0.753^a	0.009^a
Velocity of contraction (mm/s)	5.67 ± 0.94	5.66 ± 1.00	5.03 ± 0.79	0.999^a	0.162^a	0.185^a
Latency of dilation (ms)	911.4 ± 80.0	866.4 ± 77.9	957.8 ± 109.5	0.126 ^a	0.294^a	0.014^a
Duration of dilation (ms)	1575.6 ± 86.3	1593.9 ± 101.6	1530.8 ± 105.9	0.759^a	0.409^a	0.189^a
Velocity of dilation (mm/s)	1.69 (1.52–1.84)	1.62 (1.46–1.76)	1.37 (1.24–1.66)	0.085^b*

Data are expressed as mean ± SD for parametric variables and median (IQR) for non-parametric variables. The bold P values represent statistically significant differences

*Pairwise comparisons were not performed as the overall test did not show a significant difference among groups

^aOne-Way ANOVA test followed by post-hoc Tukey test, ^bKruskal–Wallis test followed by post-hoc Dunn’s test with adjusted P values using Benjamini–Hochberg procedure