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. 2022 Mar 22;9:868511. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868511

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Copyright © 2022 Estafanos, Friesen, Govette and Gillen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of metabolic trials. A continuous glucose monitor (CGM) was worn for three 2-day trials under standardized dietary intake. At 17:00 h on Day 1, participants either sat in the laboratory (CTL) or performed low-volume HIIE (10 × 1-min cycling intervals at ∼90% HRmax). Following HIIE, participants consumed either a carbohydrate (CHO) drink to replenish the exercise-induced energy deficit (EX-HC) or a non-caloric placebo (PLA) drink to remain in an exercise-induced energy deficit (EX-NC). All participants consumed a low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) dinner that evening. Glycemic responses to the following day’s meals, and over a 24 h period (from 00:00 to 23:59 h), were determined via CGM.